Examen Estatal de Estomatología cheat sheet

Caries is a multifactorial biofilm-mediated process, not proof of one organism or one behavior acting alone.

Clinical activity, cavitation and pulp assessment answer different questions and must be integrated.

Appropriate conservative management depends on lesion, dentition, pulp condition, restorability and an effective seal.

Adhesive and restorative mechanisms do not supply universal product protocols or treatment recipes.

Electric pulp testing elicits a sensory response and must be interpreted with other findings because it does not directly demonstrate pulpal circulation.

After trauma and in immature teeth, neural responsiveness may be unreliable; diagnosis should integrate history, serial testing, examination, and imaging.

Comparative testing helps calibrate the patient's responses and discriminate a localized pulpal problem from referred pain or another source.

An apex locator contributes to working-length determination, which is integrated with anatomy, radiographic information, and a controlled instrumentation strategy.

Periodontitis involves destruction of the tooth-supporting attachment apparatus; bleeding and redness alone can occur with reversible gingival inflammation.

With the gingival margin apical to the cementoenamel junction, clinical attachment loss is the probing depth plus recession.

A pseudopocket can arise from a coronally enlarged gingival margin; the attachment position must be related to a stable reference landmark.

Bleeding on gentle probing is an inflammatory sign that must be interpreted with attachment measurements, risk factors, and longitudinal findings.

Preparation geometry should help resist both withdrawal and functional tipping; these related mechanical requirements are distinct from esthetics or the biological state of the tooth.

A ferrule uses remaining tooth structure encircled by the restoration to improve stress management; prognosis still depends on the overall tooth and restorative design.

The tooth-restoration interface must be planned with periodontal anatomy and hygiene access, because tissue encroachment can produce inflammation or compensatory changes.

A post provides retention for a core when needed; its placement removes structure and should not be justified by a claim that every post strengthens a root.

The inferior alveolar nerve continues through the mental nerve to supply the lower lip and chin, making these areas useful for sensory assessment.

The lingual nerve supplies general sensation to the anterior tongue and lies near the mandibular third-molar region, creating a recognized surgical risk.

Alveolar osteitis is a painful socket-healing complication; the diagnosis is distinguished from spreading infection by the overall history and examination.

Initial local bleeding control includes sustained pressure and inspection, followed by appropriate local hemostatic measures and evaluation of relevant medical factors.

A persistent unexplained indurated ulcer is a concerning finding; a timely tissue diagnosis or appropriate referral takes priority over unsupported reassurance.

Leukoplakia is a clinical exclusion diagnosis for a white lesion; histopathology is needed when indicated to evaluate dysplasia or another underlying process.

An unexplained red lesion may harbor significant epithelial disease, so its significance should be established through clinical evaluation and appropriate diagnostic investigation.

Pseudomembranous candidiasis can produce removable white plaques, but diagnosis also considers risk factors, distribution, symptoms, and alternative explanations for the finding.

Caries risk reflects the balance of repeated demineralizing challenges and protective factors, so exposure pattern is relevant alongside quantity, fluoride, and biofilm control.

Topical fluoride supports mineral balance at the tooth surface, but its use complements risk reduction and does not mechanically restore a cavitated defect.

Sealants can protect susceptible occlusal anatomy when appropriately indicated, while selection, moisture control, and follow-up determine whether the preventive intervention remains effective.

Silver diamine fluoride can arrest selected lesions, but its appearance and treatment limitations must be explained so the caregiver can make an informed decision.

Orthodontic force produces tissue responses in the periodontal ligament and surrounding bone, allowing movement through coordinated remodeling rather than reshaping enamel.

Anchorage planning controls where reaction forces are expressed, helping achieve intended movement while limiting undesirable displacement of the supporting unit.

Root resorption can occur during orthodontic treatment, so baseline findings, risk assessment, appropriate mechanics, and monitoring contribute to informed treatment planning.

SNA is a skeletal cephalometric measurement used in assessing the maxilla's relationship to cranial reference landmarks, interpreted within the broader facial analysis.

Imaging selection follows clinical assessment and a defined diagnostic purpose, rather than indiscriminate exposure or a belief that more images always improve care.

Field selection balances diagnostic coverage against unnecessary exposure, while still including the anatomy required to answer the specific clinical question.

Bitewings are designed to show opposing crowns and proximal surfaces with useful crestal bone information, provided positioning and exposure are appropriate.

A periapical image includes the tooth and surrounding apical tissues, helping evaluate root form and localized periapical findings when clinically indicated.

Prevalence describes existing disease within a defined population and time frame, so its interpretation depends on the case definition and who was assessed.

Incidence concerns the occurrence of new disease over time among people initially at risk, distinguishing it from the burden of existing cases.

The risk ratio divides the exposed risk by the unexposed risk, so 0.20 divided by 0.10 equals two in this example.

Absolute risk reduction is the control risk minus the intervention risk, giving 20% minus 15%, or five percentage points here.

Oxygenation and ventilation are different physiological functions, so monitoring plans must not assume that a saturation reading provides a complete assessment of breathing.

Capnography provides breath-related carbon dioxide information and waveform trends, supporting recognition of ventilatory problems alongside other monitoring and direct patient assessment.

Supplemental oxygen can support arterial oxygenation while carbon dioxide accumulates or ventilation fails, so breathing must be assessed by appropriate additional means.

Sedation depth can vary with individual response and combined drug effects, so practitioners must prepare for unintended progression rather than relying only on the intended label.