Administrative Law and Administrative Procedure
What is tested
Act No. 500/2004 Sb. (správní řád), Act No. 150/2002 Sb. (soudní řád správní), the Přestupkový zákon No. 250/2016 Sb., and the enforcement of administrative titles - by the authority itself or by an exekutor.
Core rules
- Principles (§ 2–8 SŘ): zákonnost, ochrana dobré víry a legitimního očekávání, proporcionalita, rychlost, součinnost and materiální pravda; the authority must establish the facts with sufficient certainty.
- Course: podání, zahájení (on application or ex officio), dokazování, written decision with reasons and appeal instructions, doručení. Decision periods are typically 30 or 60 days.
- Právní moc and vykonatelnost: the decision becomes enforceable when the appeal period (15 days, § 83) expires or the appeal is decided; the authority then issues the doložka vykonatelnosti.
- Remedies: odvolání within 15 days (rozklad before a minister), přezkumné řízení, obnova řízení. Judicial review: žaloba proti rozhodnutí within 2 months (§ 72 SŘS), then kasační stížnost to the NSS within 2 weeks (§ 106 SŘS).
- Enforcement: správní exekuce under § 105 ff. SŘ (substitutive performance, srážky, přikázání, prodej), daňová exekuce under Act No. 280/2009 Sb., or an exekutor under EŘ, because enforceable administrative decisions are titles under Art. 40 EŘ.
- The exekutor cannot examine the substantive lawfulness of the administrative title; that belongs to administrative justice.
Worked example
A tax office assesses CZK 200,000; the appeal is rejected and the decision becomes enforceable. The office itself levies daňová exekuce by attaching the bank account, or hands the matter to an exekutor. If the taxpayer argues that the assessment is substantively wrong, the exekutor must refuse to examine that argument - the remedy is a žaloba under § 72 SŘS within 2 months of service, not an objection in the enforcement file.
Traps
Mixing the 15-day appeal, the 2-month administrative action and the 2-week kasační stížnost; assuming an authority may enforce without an enforceable title and a doložka; expecting the exekutor to review the merits of the administrative decision; confusing správní exekuce with daňová exekuce.