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Czech C1 practice questions

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Question 1Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Precte si uvazek z akademickeho textu: 'Demokraticke instituce celi v soucasnosti bezprecedentnimu tlaku ze strany populistickych hnuti, ktera systematicky podkopavaji duveru verejnosti v tradicni politicke struktury.' Co je hlavni myslenkou tohoto textu? (Read: 'Democratic institutions currently face unprecedented pressure from populist movements that systematically undermine public trust in traditional political structures.' What is the main idea?)

  1. Demokraticke instituce jsou zcela nefunkcni. (Democratic institutions are completely dysfunctional.)
  2. Populisticka hnuti ohrozuji duveru v demokraticke instituce. (Populist movements threaten trust in democratic institutions.) Correct answer.
  3. Tradicni politicke struktury jsou prilis konzervativni. (Traditional political structures are too conservative.)
  4. Verejnost nema zajem o politiku. (The public has no interest in politics.)

Explanation

The text states that populist movements 'systematically undermine public trust in traditional political structures,' making option B the correct summary. Option A overstates the claim - the text says institutions face pressure, not that they are dysfunctional. Options C and D introduce ideas not present in the passage.

Question 2Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

V textu se uvadi: 'Ackoliv vedci dosahli pozoruhodnych vysledku v oblasti genove terapie, eticke otazky spojene s genetickymi zasahy do zarodecke linie zustavaji predmetem intenzivni odborne debaty.' Jaka je funkce spojky 'ackoliv' v tomto souveti? (In the text: 'Although scientists have achieved remarkable results in gene therapy, ethical questions surrounding germline genetic interventions remain the subject of intense expert debate.' What is the function of 'ackoliv'?)

  1. Vyjadruje pricinu. (It expresses cause.)
  2. Vyjadruje podminku. (It expresses a condition.)
  3. Vyjadruje pripustkovy vztah - kontrast. (It expresses a concessive relationship - contrast.) Correct answer.
  4. Vyjadruje casovy vztah. (It expresses a temporal relationship.)

Explanation

'Ackoliv' is a Czech concessive conjunction equivalent to 'although/even though' in English. It sets up a contrast between an acknowledged positive fact (remarkable results) and a complicating reality (ongoing ethical debate). This is a classic concessive (pripustkovy) structure in formal written Czech.

Question 3Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

V clanku stoji: 'Zdejsi krajina nese stopy stredovekeho osidleni, jez se projevuji rozptylenimi tvrzistemi, zaniklymi vesnicemi a siti starych cest, dnes jiz sotva citelnou v terenu.' Co znamena vyraz 'sotva citelnou v terenu'? (The article states: 'The local landscape bears traces of medieval settlement, manifested in scattered manor ruins, deserted villages, and a network of old roads, today barely legible in the terrain.' What does 'sotva citelnou v terenu' mean?)

  1. Cesty jsou dobre zachovane. (The roads are well preserved.)
  2. Cesty jsou v terenu temer nezretelne. (The roads are almost imperceptible in the landscape.) Correct answer.
  3. Cesty jsou oznaceny turistickymi znackami. (The roads are marked with tourist signs.)
  4. Cesty jsou zapsany v historickych mapach. (The roads are recorded in historical maps.)

Explanation

'Sotva citelnou' means 'barely readable/legible,' transferred here to physical landscape features. Combined with 'v terenu' (in the terrain/field), the phrase means the old road network has almost disappeared and can scarcely be traced on the ground. This is a stylistically elevated usage of 'citelny' found in quality journalism and cultural essays.

Question 4Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear the beginning of a Czech radio cultural programme. The presenter says: 'Vitejte u poradu Kultura dnes. V dnesnim vydani se budeme venovat vyrocni retrospektive Ceskeho muzea hudby, ktera predstavi dosud nezverejnene artefakty z pozustalosti skladatele Bohuslava Martinu.' What is the main topic of today's programme?

  1. A concert of Bohuslav Martinu's music at the National Theatre.
  2. An anniversary retrospective at the Czech Music Museum featuring unpublished artefacts from Martinu's estate. Correct answer.
  3. A documentary about Czech folk music traditions.
  4. An interview with a contemporary Czech composer.

Explanation

The presenter announces 'vyrocni retrospektiva Ceskeho muzea hudby' (anniversary retrospective at the Czech Music Museum) featuring 'dosud nezverejnene artefakty z pozustalosti skladatele Bohuslava Martinu' (previously unpublished artefacts from composer Bohuslav Martinu's estate). Option B accurately reproduces both key details.

Question 5Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a recorded academic lecture on Czech linguistics, the professor says: 'Diglosie - stav, kdy mluvci jednoho spolecenstvi aktivne ovladaji dva rozdilne jazykove kody a uzivaji je v zavislosti na situaci - je v ceskem prostredi castecne relevantni z hlediska vztahu mezi spisovnou cestinou a obecnou cestinou.' What sociolinguistic phenomenon does the professor describe?

  1. Code-switching between Czech and German.
  2. The relationship between standard Czech (spisovna cestina) and Common Czech (obecna cestina) as a partial instance of diglossia. Correct answer.
  3. The disappearance of regional dialects in the Czech Republic.
  4. The influence of English loanwords on contemporary Czech.

Explanation

The professor defines diglossia (stav, kdy mluvci ovladaji dva jazykove kody) and applies it to the Czech context: the relationship between 'spisovna cestina' (standard literary Czech) and 'obecna cestina' (Common/colloquial Czech). Option B captures both the general definition and its specific Czech application.

Question 6Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You listen to a formal debate on public radio. One speaker argues: 'Navrhovaná reforma financovani vysokych skol by sice mohla stimulovat efektivitu, avsak riziko prohloubeni socialnich nerovnosti v pristupu ke vzdelani je podle meho nazoru neakceptovatelne.' What is the speaker's main point?

  1. The reform will unquestionably improve university efficiency.
  2. The reform's potential efficiency gains are outweighed by unacceptable risks of deepening social inequality in education access. Correct answer.
  3. The reform should be implemented immediately without further debate.
  4. The reform is supported by all academic stakeholders.

Explanation

The speaker uses the concessive structure 'sice... avsak' (while... however) to acknowledge one benefit (stimulovat efektivitu) while ultimately rejecting the reform because of 'neakceptovatelne riziko prohloubeni socialnich nerovnosti' (unacceptable risk of deepening social inequalities). Option B captures this reasoning.

Question 7Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In an academic lecture on Czech history, you hear: 'Udalosti listopadu 1989 jsou v ceske historicke pameti casto redukovany na tzv. Sametovou revoluci, coz je oznaceni, ktere zduraznuje mirovy charakter prechodu, ale muze zakryvat slozitejsi dynamiku spolecenskych a ekonomickych transformaci, ktere nasledovaly.' What does the lecturer argue about the term Sametova revoluce (Velvet Revolution)?

  1. The term accurately captures all aspects of the 1989 transition.
  2. The term emphasises the peaceful nature of the transition but may obscure the complexity of subsequent social and economic transformations. Correct answer.
  3. The term was coined by dissident groups before 1989.
  4. The term refers only to economic reforms, not political changes.

Explanation

The lecturer makes a nuanced argument: the term 'zduraznuje mirovy charakter' (emphasises the peaceful character) but 'muze zakryvat slozitejsi dynamiku' (may obscure more complex dynamics) of subsequent transformations. Option B captures this dual assessment.

Question 8Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear a radio interview with a Czech scientist. She says: 'Nas tym zjistil, ze expozice mikrocasticim plastu v prenatalni fazi vyvoje statisticky koreluje se zvysenym rizikem neurologickych onemocneni v dospelosti, i kdyz kauzalni mechanismus zatim presne nezname.' What does the scientist say about the causal mechanism?

  1. The causal mechanism has been fully identified.
  2. The causal mechanism is precisely known but not yet published.
  3. A statistical correlation has been found, but the causal mechanism is not yet precisely known. Correct answer.
  4. There is no link between microplastic exposure and neurological disease.

Explanation

The scientist clearly distinguishes between correlation ('statisticky koreluje') and causation ('kauzalni mechanismus zatim presne nezname' - the causal mechanism is not yet precisely known). Option C correctly identifies this methodological distinction.

Question 9Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravnou formu trpneho rodu: 'Navrh zakona ________ parlamentnim vyborem po trech kolech pripominkoveho rizeni.' (Select the correct passive form: 'The draft law ________ by the parliamentary committee after three rounds of consultation.')

  1. schvalil
  2. byl schvalen Correct answer.
  3. schvaloval
  4. se schvaluje

Explanation

'Byl schvalen' is the correct analytical passive (byt + past passive participle) in Czech. It expresses a completed past action where the subject underwent the action. 'Schvalil' is active past tense, 'schvaloval' is imperfective past (ongoing approval), and 'se schvaluje' is reflexive passive in the present tense.

Question 10Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte vetu, ktera nejlepe vystihuje formalni psany styl vhodny pro akademicky text. (Select the sentence that best represents a formal written style appropriate for an academic text.)

  1. Lidi proste nevedi, co chteji, a pak si stezujou.
  2. Respondenti prokazali statisticky signifikantni miru nejistoty pri formulaci preferenci. Correct answer.
  3. Je jasny, ze vysledky moc dobre nejsou.
  4. Vysledky jsou dost spatny, to musim rict.

Explanation

Option B uses academic register: nominalized subjects ('respondenti'), technical vocabulary ('statisticky signifikantni'), and formal syntax. Options A, C, and D all contain colloquial Czech forms: 'lidi' (colloquial plural), 'stezujou' (colloquial ending), 'jasny/spatny' (short-form adjectives used informally), and informal hedges.

Question 11Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Precte si vetu: 'Kdyby vedci byvali meli pristup k soucasnym datovym technologiim, vysledky vyzkumu by byly byvaly zasadne odlisne.' Jaky typ podminkove vety je to? (Read: 'Had scientists had access to contemporary data technologies, the research results would have been fundamentally different.' What type of conditional clause is this?)

  1. Realna podminka (real/open conditional)
  2. Potencialni podminka (potential conditional)
  3. Nerealna podminka - minulost (counterfactual past conditional) Correct answer.
  4. Nerealna podminka - pritomnost (counterfactual present conditional)

Explanation

The construction 'kdyby byvali meli' (pluperfect conditional) combined with 'by byly byvaly' in the main clause marks this as a counterfactual past conditional: it describes a hypothetical situation contrary to what actually happened in the past. This is distinct from a present counterfactual ('kdyby meli ... bylo by'), which is about a current hypothetical.

Question 12Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Doplnte spravny tvar slovesa v souveti s 'aby': 'Profesor pozadoval, aby studenti ________ svuj vyzkumny zamer predem pisemne.' (Fill in the correct verb form: 'The professor required that students ________ their research proposal in writing in advance.')

  1. predlozili Correct answer.
  2. predlozit
  3. predlozi
  4. predkladali

Explanation

'Aby' in Czech requires the past tense form of the verb (functioning as a subjunctive), specifically the perfective past tense 'predlozili' here. The perfective aspect indicates a completed, one-time submission. 'Predlozit' is an infinitive (incorrect after 'aby'), 'predlozi' is indicative future (incompatible with 'aby'), and 'predkladali' is imperfective past (suggesting repeated action).

Question 13Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Precte si: 'V dusledku nedostatecne meziresortni koordinace doslo k duplikatnimu financovani projektu, jejichz vystupy se v mnohem prekryvaly, cimz byly neefektivne alokovany verejne prostredky.' Jaka je pricina neefektivni alokace prostredku? (Read: 'As a result of insufficient inter-ministerial coordination, duplicate financing of projects occurred whose outputs overlapped in many respects, thereby inefficiently allocating public funds.' What is the cause of the inefficient allocation?)

  1. Nadmerne vydaje na verejne projekty obecne. (Excessive spending on public projects in general.)
  2. Nedostatecna koordinace mezi ministerstvy. (Insufficient coordination between ministries.) Correct answer.
  3. Spatna kvalita vystupu projektu. (Poor quality of project outputs.)
  4. Politicky vliv na rozpoctova rozhodnuti. (Political influence on budget decisions.)

Explanation

The causal chain is explicit: 'v dusledku nedostatecne meziresortni koordinace' (as a result of insufficient inter-ministerial coordination) led to duplicate financing and then inefficient allocation. The text traces the problem directly to coordination failure.

Question 14Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravnou kolokaci pro formalni odborny text: 'Nova regulace ________ zavazne otazky tykajici se ochrany osobnich udaju.' (Select the correct collocation for a formal expert text: 'The new regulation ________ serious questions concerning personal data protection.')

  1. dela
  2. nastoluje Correct answer.
  3. rika
  4. ukazuje

Explanation

'Nastolovat otazky' (to raise/pose questions) is the standard C1-level collocation in formal Czech. 'Nastolovat' collocates with 'otazky', 'problem', 'tema' in academic and journalistic Czech. 'Delat otazky' and 'rikat otazky' are calques that do not exist as Czech collocations. 'Ukazovat otazky' is grammatically possible but not idiomatic.

Question 15Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Nominalizace (substantivizace) je typickym rysem formalniho pisaneho cestiny. Ktera z moznosti spravne nominalizuje vetu 'Vlada rozhodla'? (Nominalization is a typical feature of formal written Czech. Which option correctly nominalizes the sentence 'The government decided'?)

  1. rozhodovani vlady
  2. vlada rozhoduje
  3. vladni rozhodnuti Correct answer.
  4. vlada se rozhodla

Explanation

'Vladni rozhodnuti' (governmental decision) is a complete nominalization - the verb 'rozhodla' is converted to the noun 'rozhodnuti' and the subject 'vlada' becomes an attributive adjective 'vladni'. This is the standard pattern in formal Czech administrative and academic writing.

Question 16Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte vetu, ktera spravne pouziva opisny trpny rod s 'nechat': (Select the sentence that correctly uses the periphrastic passive with 'nechat':)

  1. Nechal jsem opravit auto. (I had the car repaired.) Correct answer.
  2. Nechal jsem, ze opravili auto. (I left that they repaired the car.)
  3. Auto bylo nechano opravit. (The car was left to be repaired.)
  4. Opravoval jsem auto nechat. (I was repairing the car to leave.)

Explanation

'Nechat + infinitive' is the standard Czech causative construction meaning 'to have something done by someone else.' 'Nechal jsem opravit auto' means 'I had the car repaired (by someone)' - a standard C1 construction. Option C is grammatically possible but expresses a different meaning (the car was abandoned). Options B and D are ungrammatical.

Question 17Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

V literarni recenzi cteme: 'Kafkuv jazyk obsazuje liminarni prostor mezi byrokracii a snem, vsednosti a transcendenci.' Co znamena vyraz 'liminarni prostor' v tomto kontextu? (In a literary review: 'Kafka's language occupies a liminal space between bureaucracy and dream, the mundane and the transcendent.' What does 'liminarni prostor' mean in this context?)

  1. Omezeny prostor (limited space)
  2. Prechodne pasmo / mezni prostor (transitional zone / boundary space) Correct answer.
  3. Okrajove prostredi (marginal environment)
  4. Prazdne misto (empty place)

Explanation

'Liminal' derives from Latin 'limen' (threshold) and in literary/cultural studies refers to a transitional, in-between state. Czech literary criticism uses 'prechodne pasmo', 'mezni prostor', or 'prahovy prostor' (from 'prah' = threshold). This is a C1-level register awareness question testing knowledge of academic humanities vocabulary.

Question 18Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

V textu se uvadi: 'Prestože liberalizace trhu s energiemi prinesla kratkodobe uspory domacnostem, dlouhodobe dopady na energetickou bezpecnost zustavaji sporne.' Ktere tvrzeni odpovida textu? (The text states: 'Although the liberalization of the energy market brought short-term savings to households, the long-term effects on energy security remain controversial.' Which statement corresponds to the text?)

  1. Liberalizace trhu jednoznacne prospela domacnostem v dlouhodobem horizontu. (Liberalization unequivocally benefited households in the long term.)
  2. Liberalizace trhu neprinesla domacnostem zadne vyhody. (Liberalization brought households no benefits.)
  3. Kratkodobe vyhody jsou uznavany, ale dlouhodoby dopad na bezpecnost je nejasny. (Short-term benefits are acknowledged, but the long-term security impact is unclear.) Correct answer.
  4. Energeticka bezpecnost se po liberalizaci vyrazne zlepsila. (Energy security significantly improved after liberalization.)

Explanation

The text presents a two-part claim: confirmed short-term savings ('prinesla kratkodobe uspory') but contested long-term security effects ('zustavaji sporne'). Option C accurately captures this nuanced assessment. The concessive 'prestože' signals that the first part is acknowledged despite complicating the second.

Question 19Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Ktera z moznosti spravne doplnuje souveti: 'Cim vice se badatel ponori do archivrniho materialu, ________ jej prekvapi ruznorodost nalezenych pramenu.' (Which option correctly completes: 'The more the researcher immerses himself in archival material, ________ he will be surprised by the diversity of sources.')

  1. tim vice Correct answer.
  2. vice a vice
  3. tak hodne
  4. stale

Explanation

Czech uses the correlative comparative structure 'cim vice ... tim vice' (the more ... the more) to express proportional relationships. The first clause 'cim vice...' requires 'tim vice' in the second clause. This is a C1-level grammatical structure used in academic and formal Czech.

Question 20Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Literarni vedec pise: 'Machuv Maj predstavuje vrcholne dilo ceskeho romantismu, v nemz se prolinaji motivy lasky, viny a trestu s existencialni reflexi smrtelnosti a prchavosti prirody.' Ktere motivy jsou podle textu charakteristicke pro Machuv Maj? (A literary scholar writes: 'Macha's Maj represents the pinnacle of Czech Romanticism, in which motifs of love, guilt, and punishment intertwine with existential reflection on mortality and the transience of nature.' Which motifs characterise Maj?)

  1. Vlastenectvi a narodni obroda. (Patriotism and national revival.)
  2. Laska, vina, trest, smrtelnost a prchavost prirody. (Love, guilt, punishment, mortality, and the transience of nature.) Correct answer.
  3. Industrializace a socialni nerovnost. (Industrialisation and social inequality.)
  4. Nabozenstvi a mystika. (Religion and mysticism.)

Explanation

The text explicitly enumerates the motifs: 'laska, vina a trestu' (love, guilt, punishment) combined with 'existencialni reflexi smrtelnosti a prchavosti prirody' (existential reflection on mortality and the transience of nature). Option B reproduces this list accurately.

Question 21Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Precte si: 'Koroze demokratickych hodnot neprobíha zpravidla prostrednictvim nahlych zlomu, nybr skrze postupnou, temer neznatelnou erozi institucionalnich zaruk, jez prestávaji byt vnimany jako nezbytne.' Jaky proces popisuje autor? (Read: 'The corrosion of democratic values typically does not occur through sudden ruptures, but through gradual, almost imperceptible erosion of institutional safeguards, which cease to be perceived as necessary.' What process does the author describe?)

  1. Nahle politicke prevraty. (Sudden political coups.)
  2. Pomaly, postupny upadek demokratickych zaruk. (Slow, gradual decline of democratic safeguards.) Correct answer.
  3. Posileni demokratickych instituci v case. (Strengthening of democratic institutions over time.)
  4. Zmenu volebniho systemu. (Change in the electoral system.)

Explanation

The text explicitly contrasts 'nahlych zlomu' (sudden ruptures) with 'postupnou, temer neznatelnou erozi' (gradual, almost imperceptible erosion). The author describes a slow, incremental process of democratic decline. The 'nybr' connector signals a correction of the first conception.

Question 22Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

V akademickem textu se vyskytuje vyraz 'na zaklade induktivniho pristupu'. Co tento vyraz znamena? (An academic text contains 'on the basis of an inductive approach'. What does this expression mean?)

  1. Vyzkum vychazi z obecnych teorii a aplikuje je na konkretni pripady. (The research starts from general theories and applies them to specific cases.)
  2. Vyzkum vychazi z konkretnich pozorovani a dospiva k obecnym zaverum. (The research starts from specific observations and arrives at general conclusions.) Correct answer.
  3. Vyzkum se vyhyba teorii a pracuje pouze s daty. (The research avoids theory and works only with data.)
  4. Vyzkum je provaden pouze v laboratori. (The research is conducted only in a laboratory.)

Explanation

Inductive reasoning moves from specific observations or cases to general conclusions or theories. This is contrasted with deductive reasoning, which moves from general premises to specific conclusions. Recognizing this distinction is essential for reading academic methodology sections in Czech.

Question 23Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

V textu se pise: 'Projekt byl realizovan za financniho prispeni Evropskeho socialniho fondu a statniho rozpoctu Ceske republiky v ramci Operacniho programu Zamestnanost.' Jaky je zanr tohoto textu? (The text reads: 'The project was realized with the financial contribution of the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic within the framework of the Employment Operational Programme.' What is the genre?)

  1. Umelecka proza (literary fiction)
  2. Hovorovy rozhovor (colloquial conversation)
  3. Formalni administrativni nebo projektovy text (formal administrative or project text) Correct answer.
  4. Vedecka hypoteza (scientific hypothesis)

Explanation

The formal register markers are unmistakable: passive construction ('byl realizovan'), nominalized phrase ('za financniho prispeni'), institutional naming conventions ('Evropsky socialni fond'), and programmatic language ('Operacni program Zamestnanost'). This is the standard formula for acknowledgements in EU-funded project documentation - a formal administrative genre.

Question 24Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravny ekvivalent pro vyraz 'non-native speaker' v odbornem textu o lingvistice. (Select the correct equivalent for 'non-native speaker' in a Czech linguistics academic text.)

  1. rodilymluvci
  2. nerodilymluvci Correct answer.
  3. cizi mluvci
  4. spatny mluvci

Explanation

'Nerodily mluvci' is the standard Czech linguistics term for 'non-native speaker', formed by negating 'rodily mluvci' (native speaker) with the prefix 'ne-'. This is used in academic linguistics, language teaching methodology, and language policy texts.

Question 25Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravnou formu kondicionalu: 'Byl by to jiny svet, ________ lide naslouchali vedeckym poznatkum o klimaticke zmene.' (Select the correct conditional form: 'It would be a different world, ________ people listened to scientific findings about climate change.')

  1. kdybych
  2. kdyby Correct answer.
  3. pokud
  4. jestlize

Explanation

'Kdyby' is the correct conditional conjunction for counterfactual conditions. 'Kdyby lide naslouchali' = 'if people were to listen' (implying they don't). 'Kdybych' requires a first-person singular subject. 'Pokud' and 'jestlize' are used for open conditions with the indicative mood, not counterfactual conditions.

Question 26Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

V textu o historii: 'Totalitni rezimy 20. stoleti prokazaly, ze kontrola jazyka a historicke pameti je pro udrzeni moci nemene dulezita nez fyzicke donuceni.' Jaky prostredek moci se srovnava s fyzickym donucenim? (In a history text: 'The totalitarian regimes of the 20th century demonstrated that control of language and historical memory is no less important for maintaining power than physical coercion.' What means of power is compared to physical coercion?)

  1. Ekonomicka kontrola. (Economic control.)
  2. Kontrola jazyka a historicke pameti. (Control of language and historical memory.) Correct answer.
  3. Vojenska sila. (Military force.)
  4. Mezinarodni izolace. (International isolation.)

Explanation

The text directly compares 'kontrola jazyka a historicke pameti' (control of language and historical memory) with 'fyzicke donuceni' (physical coercion), arguing the former is 'nemene dulezita' (no less important) than the latter.

Question 27Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravnou formu neprimeho reci. Puvodni: 'Nasi studenti dosahli vynikajicich vysledku.' Neprimy referát v minulosti: (Select the correct indirect speech form. Original: 'Our students achieved excellent results.' Indirect speech reporting in the past:)

  1. Reditel rekl, ze jejich studenti dosahli vynikajicich vysledku. Correct answer.
  2. Reditel rekl, ze jejich studenti dosakuji vynikajicich vysledku.
  3. Reditel rekl, jejich studenti dosahli vynikajicich vysledku.
  4. Reditel rekl, dosahli jejich studenti vynikajicich vysledku.

Explanation

In Czech indirect speech with a past reporting verb ('rekl'), the verb of the reported clause typically maintains past tense if referring to a past event. 'Dosahli' (past perfective) correctly reports the original past achievement. The change from 'nasi' to 'jejich' reflects the shift of perspective. Option A has both of these correct.

Question 28Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravny zpusob vyjádrení ucelu ve formalni cestine: 'Byl svolaán mimoradny vybor ________ projednani nalehave situace.' (Select the correct way to express purpose in formal Czech: 'An extraordinary committee was convened ________ discussion of the urgent situation.')

  1. pro
  2. k
  3. aby
  4. za ucelem Correct answer.

Explanation

'Za ucelem' + genitive noun is the formal Czech construction for expressing purpose in administrative and legal texts, equivalent to 'for the purpose of'. 'Za ucelem projednani' is standard in formal documents. While 'k projednani' is also grammatically correct and common, 'za ucelem' is the most explicitly formal variant and typical in official administrative language.

Question 29Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Doplnte spravnou formu participia: 'Vysledky zverejnene ________ vyzkumnym centrem naznasuji posun v odbornem konsenzu.' (Complete with the correct form: 'The results published ________ the research centre suggest a shift in expert consensus.')

  1. vyzkumne centrum
  2. vyzkumneho centra
  3. vyzkumnem centru
  4. vyzkumnym centrem Correct answer.

Explanation

In Czech passive constructions with a participium (passive participle), the agent is expressed in the instrumental case. 'Vyzkumnym centrem' is the instrumental singular of 'vyzkumne centrum', correctly marking the research centre as the agent that published the results. This is parallel to English 'published by the research centre'.

Question 30Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravnou formu pro passivni vetu: 'Novy zakon ________ Senatem po zdlouhavych debatech.' (Select the correct form for a passive sentence: 'The new law ________ by the Senate after lengthy debates.')

  1. byl schvalen Correct answer.
  2. schvalil
  3. schvaleni
  4. schvalovani

Explanation

'Byl schvalen' is the analytical passive in past tense: auxiliary 'byt' in past + passive participium of 'schvalit'. The subject 'zakon' (law, masculine inanimate) determines that the participium ends in '-en' (schvalen). Active 'schvalil' would require 'Senat' as nominative subject.

Question 31Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravne pouziti trpneho rodu s modalnim slovesem: 'Tento postup ________ v budoucnu prezkouma.' (Select the correct use of passive with a modal verb: 'This procedure ________ be reviewed in the future.')

  1. musime
  2. bude muset byt prezkoumaán Correct answer.
  3. prezkoumat museli
  4. byl prezkoumanán

Explanation

'Bude muset byt prezkoumaán' combines future tense modal ('bude muset') with the passive infinitive ('byt prezkoumaán'). The passive participium 'prezkoumaán' agrees with the masculine inanimate subject 'postup'. This is the standard C1 construction for expressing modal necessity in the passive future in formal Czech.

Question 32Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Precte si: 'Husitske hnuti nelze chapjt pouze jako nabozenskný fenomen; bylo zaroven vyrazem hluboke socialni nespokojenosti, jejiz koreny sahaly do majetkovych a stavovskych nerovnosti doby Vaclava IV.' Co tento text tvrdi o husitskem hnuti? (Read: 'The Hussite movement cannot be understood solely as a religious phenomenon; it was simultaneously an expression of deep social discontent whose roots lay in the property and estate inequalities of the reign of Vaclav IV.' What does this text claim?)

  1. Bylo ciste nabozenskym hnutim bez socialniho rozmeru. (It was a purely religious movement with no social dimension.)
  2. Melo jak nabozenskny, tak socialne-ekonomicky rozmer. (It had both a religious and a socio-economic dimension.) Correct answer.
  3. Bylo zpusobeno vyhradne zahranicnimi vlivy. (It was caused exclusively by foreign influences.)
  4. Nemelo zadny vliv na ceskou historii. (It had no influence on Czech history.)

Explanation

The text uses 'nelze chapjt pouze jako' (cannot be understood solely as) to reject a one-dimensional view, and 'bylo zaroven' (was simultaneously) to add the social dimension. This two-part claim - religious AND social-economic - is precisely captured by option B.

Question 33Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Precte si: 'Vysledky metaanalyzy naznasuji, ze intervencni programy jsou statisticky signifikantne ucinnejsi ve srovnani s kontrolni skupinou (d = 0,42; 95% CI [0,31; 0,53]).' Jaka statisticka hodnota vyjadruje velikost efektu v tomto textu? (In a scientific article meta-analysis result with d=0.42 and 95% CI. Which statistical value expresses the effect size?)

  1. 95% CI
  2. d = 0,42 Correct answer.
  3. statisticky signifikantni
  4. kontrolni skupina

Explanation

Cohen's d (d = 0.42) is the standard measure of effect size in social and behavioral sciences meta-analyses. It quantifies the magnitude of the difference between intervention and control groups. The 95% confidence interval indicates the precision of the estimate.

Question 34Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte vetu se spravnym pouzitim prechazejiciho tvaru (prechodnik) ve formalni cestine: (Select the sentence with correct use of the adverbial participle (prechodnik) in formal Czech:)

  1. Ctou noviny, uci se.
  2. Cta noviny, narazil na zajimavý clanek. Correct answer.
  3. Cist noviny je dobre.
  4. Precetl noviny a pak sel spat.

Explanation

'Cta noviny, narazil na zajimavý clanek' uses the prechodnik (adverbial participle) 'cta' correctly: it is a formal literary/archaic construction where the participle must agree with the subject (he, masculine singular) and the subject must be identical in both clauses. Prechodníky are a hallmark of elevated formal and literary written Czech at C1-C2 level.

Question 35Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Formalni korespondence: 'Dovolujeme si Vas zdvořile požádat o poskytnuti vyjadreni k vyse uvedenemu podnetu, a to ve lhute triceti dnu od doruceni tohoto dopisu.' Jaky je ilokucni cil tohoto sdeleni? (Formal correspondence: 'We respectfully take the liberty of requesting that you provide a response to the above-mentioned suggestion within thirty days of receipt of this letter.' What is the illocutionary goal?)

  1. Informovat prijemce o uplynule lhute. (To inform the recipient of an elapsed deadline.)
  2. Pozadat prijemce o pisemnou odpoved ve stanovene lhute. (To request a written response from the recipient within a set deadline.) Correct answer.
  3. Nabidnout prijemci spolupraci na projektu. (To offer the recipient cooperation on a project.)
  4. Vyjadrit nespokojenost s praci prijemce. (To express dissatisfaction with the recipient's work.)

Explanation

The formal verb 'dovolujeme si zdvorilé požádat' (we respectfully take the liberty of requesting) is a classic formal request formula. The content requests a response ('vyjadreni') within 30 days of receipt. The illocutionary act is a polite request for written response within a deadline.

Question 36Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Precte si zaver vedecke studie: 'Na zaklade vyse uvedenych zjisteni lze konstatovat, ze hypoteza H1 byla potvrzena, pricemz vysledky podporuji model B jako vhodnejsi pro vysvetleni sledovaneho jevu oproti modelu A.' Co byl vysledek vyzkumu? (Read: 'On the basis of the findings, it can be stated that hypothesis H1 was confirmed, with results supporting model B as more appropriate for explaining the observed phenomenon compared to model A.' What was the outcome?)

  1. Hypoteza H1 byla vyvrácena. (Hypothesis H1 was refuted.)
  2. Model A byl lepsi nez model B. (Model A was better than model B.)
  3. Hypoteza H1 byla potvrzena a model B je vhodnejsi nez model A. (Hypothesis H1 was confirmed and model B is more appropriate than model A.) Correct answer.
  4. Vyzkum nepriinesl zadne zavery. (The research yielded no conclusions.)

Explanation

The text states two findings: (1) 'hypoteza H1 byla potvrzena' (H1 was confirmed) and (2) 'vysledky podporuji model B jako vhodnejsi… oproti modelu A' (results support model B as more appropriate than model A). Option C accurately combines both findings.

Question 37Czech reading, contextual language and source interpretation

Vyberte spravnou formu pro vyjádreni podminky ve formalnim textu: '________ byly splneny vsechny zakonné podminky, lze rizeni zahajit.' (Select the correct form for expressing a condition in a formal text: '________ all legal conditions have been met, the proceedings can be commenced.')

  1. Kdyby
  2. Pokud Correct answer.
  3. Ackoliv
  4. Zatimco

Explanation

'Pokud' is the standard formal Czech conditional conjunction for realis (open/real) conditions, used in legal, administrative, and academic texts. 'Pokud byly splneny... lze zahajit' expresses: given that conditions are/have been met (a real possibility), proceedings may commence. 'Kdyby' would imply a counterfactual or hypothetical.

Question 38Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a Czech Radio cultural programme, a literary critic says: 'Holan psal v dobe normalizace texty, ktere sice existovaly v ilegalnich opisech, ale jejich slozita obraznost a intelektualni narocnost z nich cinily texty, ktere si vyzadovaly ctenare narocneho i odvazneho zaroven.' What does the critic emphasize about Holan's texts written during normalization?

  1. The texts were simple and widely accessible.
  2. The texts were officially published by the state.
  3. The texts were complex, intellectually demanding, and circulated in illegal samizdat copies. Correct answer.
  4. The texts avoided political themes entirely.

Explanation

The critic notes that Holan's texts 'existovaly v ilegalnich opisech' (existed in illegal copies - samizdat) and characterizes them as having 'slozita obraznost a intelektualni narocnost' (complex imagery and intellectual demandingness). Option C accurately combines both facts.

Question 39Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear an expert in a radio discussion say: 'Jednou z nejzavaznejsich slabin navrhovane legislativy je, ze nezohleduje extrateritorialni dopad digitalnich sluzeb - tedy skutecnost, ze data zpracovavana v zemi A mohou vyrazne ovlivnit prava obcanu zeme B.' What flaw in the proposed legislation does the expert identify?

  1. The legislation is too complex for ordinary citizens to understand.
  2. The legislation fails to account for the extraterritorial impact of digital services on citizens of other countries. Correct answer.
  3. The legislation was drafted without consultation with industry stakeholders.
  4. The legislation focuses only on data processing within the EU.

Explanation

The expert identifies the failure to account for 'extrateritorialni dopad digitalnich sluzeb' (extraterritorial impact of digital services) - specifically that data processed in country A can significantly affect the rights of citizens of country B. Option B accurately paraphrases this.

Question 40Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a lecture on Czech architecture, you hear: 'Funkcionalisticka architektura meziválecneho Ceskoslovenska - reprezentovana stavbami jako je vila Tugendhat v Brne nebo Mulleruv dum v Praze - se radi mezi vrcholy evropske modernisticke architektury a je dnes chranena jako svetove dedictvi UNESCO.' What is said about Czech functionalist architecture from the interwar period?

  1. It is considered minor and derivative of German modernism.
  2. Buildings like the Tugendhat Villa and the Muller House are among the peaks of European modernist architecture and are UNESCO World Heritage sites. Correct answer.
  3. It was primarily influenced by Soviet constructivism.
  4. It is not recognized internationally outside of the Czech Republic.

Explanation

The lecturer explicitly states these buildings 'se radi mezi vrcholy evropske modernisticke architektury' (rank among the peaks of European modernist architecture) and are 'chraneny jako svetove dedictvi UNESCO' (protected as UNESCO World Heritage). Option B captures both claims.

Question 41Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear a speaker at an academic conference say in Czech: 'Nase analyza ukazuje, ze implementace navrhovaného opatreni by sice vedla ke kratkodobe usporam ve vysi 3 procent rozpoctu, avsak z hlediska dopadu na lidskykapital a inovacni kapacitu zeme by se mohla ukazat jako kontraproduktivni ve strednodobem horizontu.' What is the speaker's overall assessment of the measure?

  1. The measure is unconditionally recommended due to budget savings.
  2. The measure yields short-term budget savings but may be counterproductive in the medium term due to impacts on human capital and innovation. Correct answer.
  3. The measure has no effect on budget or innovation capacity.
  4. The measure's implementation is legally impossible.

Explanation

The speaker uses the 'sice...avsak' (while...however) structure to acknowledge 3 percent short-term budget savings while arguing the measure 'by se mohla ukazat jako kontraproduktivni' (could prove counterproductive) in the medium term due to impacts on human capital and innovation capacity. Option B captures this cost-benefit reasoning.

Question 42Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a documentary narration you hear: 'Okres Sumperk lezi v severni casti Moravy a je charakteristicky stridanim horske krajiny Jeseniku s udolimi ricek. Tato geograficka variabilita podmínila jak tradicni zemedelske hospodareni, tak rozvoj rekreacniho a turistickeho prumyslu v postsocialistickem obdobi.' What two factors does the text connect to the geographical variability of the region?

  1. Industrial mining and forestry.
  2. Traditional agricultural management and post-socialist tourism and recreation development. Correct answer.
  3. Urban expansion and international trade.
  4. Military history and border fortifications.

Explanation

The narrator states the geographical variability ('podmínila' - conditioned) both 'tradicni zemedelske hospodareni' (traditional agricultural management) and 'rozvoj rekreacniho a turistickeho prumyslu' (development of recreational and tourist industry) in the post-socialist period. Option B captures both.

Question 43Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear a Czech professor lecturing on philosophy of language: 'Austinova teorie recovych aktu rozlisuje mezi lokucnim aktem - tim, co rekneme - ilokucnim aktem - tim, co ciníme tím, ze to ríkame - a perlokucnim aktem - tim, jakeho efektu dosahujeme na posluchaci.' According to the lecture, what is an illocutionary act?

  1. The physical sounds or words produced in speech.
  2. The effect that speech has on the listener.
  3. What we do by saying something - the social action performed through the utterance. Correct answer.
  4. The grammatical structure of a sentence.

Explanation

The professor defines the illocutionary act as 'co ciníme tím, ze to ríkame' - what we do by saying something, the social action performed through the utterance (such as requesting, promising, warning). This is Austin's classic distinction between the three dimensions of a speech act.

Question 44Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a radio interview, a Czech economist says: 'Fiskalni mnozitel v male otevrene ekonomice, jakou je ceska, je zpravidla nizsi nez v ekonomikach vetsich a mene otevrenych, protoze znacna cast fiskalniho impulzu unika prostrednictvim dovozu.' What does the economist explain about the fiscal multiplier in the Czech economy?

  1. The fiscal multiplier is higher in small open economies due to export growth.
  2. The fiscal multiplier is typically lower in small open economies like the Czech Republic because a large part of the fiscal impulse leaks through imports. Correct answer.
  3. The fiscal multiplier is not relevant to Czech macroeconomic policy.
  4. The Czech economy has the highest fiscal multiplier in Central Europe.

Explanation

The economist explains that in a small open economy like the Czech Republic, the fiscal multiplier is 'nizsi' (lower) because a significant portion of the fiscal impulse 'unika prostrednictvim dovozu' (leaks through imports). Option B accurately paraphrases the causal explanation.

Question 45Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear the following in a Czech cultural radio programme: 'Petr Bezruc je dodnes vniman jako hlas Slezskeho lidu - jeho Slezske pisne zobrazuji s nezahalovanou socialni kritikou utrpeni horniku, zen a deti ve slezskomravske prumyslove krajine prelomu 19. a 20. stoleti.' What is said about Petr Bezruc's Slezske pisne?

  1. They are lighthearted folk songs celebrating regional traditions.
  2. They depict the suffering of miners, women, and children in the industrial Silesian-Moravian landscape with unshrouded social criticism. Correct answer.
  3. They are primarily religious hymns about Czech Silesia.
  4. They describe the natural beauty of the Silesian landscape without political content.

Explanation

The narrator describes Bezruc's Slezske pisne as depicting 'utrpeni horniku, zen a deti' (the suffering of miners, women, and children) with 'nezahalovanou socialni kritikou' (unshrouded social criticism) in the Silesian-Moravian industrial landscape. Option B reproduces these key characterizations.

Question 46Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a recorded academic seminar, a sociologist states: 'Prekarizace prace neni pouze ekonomickym jevem; ma hluboky dopad na identitu jedince, jehoz sebeobraz byl tradicne spjat s profesni roli a pracovnim mistem.' What does the sociologist claim about the precariousness of work?

  1. It is purely an economic phenomenon with no psychological dimensions.
  2. It affects only workers in low-skilled sectors.
  3. Beyond its economic dimension, it has a profound impact on individual identity, historically linked to professional roles. Correct answer.
  4. It leads to higher productivity and innovation.

Explanation

The sociologist explicitly rejects a purely economic framing ('neni pouze ekonomickym jevem') and adds that precariousness has 'hluboky dopad na identitu jedince' (a profound impact on individual identity) linked to professional role and employment. Option C captures both the rejection and the positive claim.

Question 47Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear the following in a Czech academic lecture on environmental policy: 'Princip znecistovatel plati, zakotveny v evropskem ekologickem pravu, prevadi naklady napraveni environmentalnich skod na puvuodce znecisteni, cimz vytvari ekonomicky podnet k preventivnimu jednani podnikatelskych subjektu.' What principle is being explained and what is its economic rationale?

  1. The precautionary principle; it stops all industrial activity near protected areas.
  2. The polluter pays principle; it places remediation costs on the polluter, creating an economic incentive for preventive action. Correct answer.
  3. The subsidiarity principle; it delegates environmental enforcement to regional authorities.
  4. The proportionality principle; it limits fines to the economic size of the company.

Explanation

The lecturer describes 'princip znecistovatel plati' (polluter pays principle) - it transfers remediation costs to the polluter, thereby creating 'ekonomicky podnet k preventivnimu jednani' (economic incentive for preventive action). Option B accurately identifies both the principle and the mechanism.

Question 48Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a radio discussion, a participant says: 'Digitalizace verejne spravy neni sama o sobe cilem - je prostredkem k tomu, aby obcane mohli efektivneji resit sve zalezitosti bez zbytecne byrokracie. Avsak bez zajisteni digitalniho pristupu pro vsechny skupiny obyvatelstva hrozi, ze tato transformace prohloubi jiz existujici digitalni propast.' What risk does the speaker identify in digitising public administration?

  1. Digitalization will make public administration more expensive.
  2. Digitalization will eliminate jobs in the public sector.
  3. Without ensuring digital access for all groups, digitalization may deepen existing digital inequality. Correct answer.
  4. Digitalization will reduce the security of personal data.

Explanation

The speaker warns that without ensuring digital access for all groups, this transformation risks deepening the existing digital divide ('digitalni propast'). Option C accurately paraphrases this risk.

Question 49Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

You hear a lecture on Czech cultural history: 'Generace Narodniho divadla - tvorci jako Smetana, Dvorak, Jirasek a Ales - zhmotnila ambice ceske kulturni emancipace v reprezentativnich institucich, ktere symbolizovaly narodni svojpravnost v dobe, kdy Cesi nemeli svuj stat.' What was the role of the Narodni divadlo generation according to the lecture?

  1. They sought to copy German cultural institutions.
  2. They embodied Czech national cultural ambitions in representative institutions symbolising national sovereignty during a period without an independent Czech state. Correct answer.
  3. They primarily focused on scientific rather than cultural achievements.
  4. They were commissioned exclusively by the Habsburg court.

Explanation

The lecturer says this generation 'zhmotnila ambice ceske kulturni emancipace v reprezentativnich institucich' (embodied Czech cultural emancipation ambitions in representative institutions) that 'symbolizovaly narodni svojpravnost' (symbolised national sovereignty) at a time when Czechs had no state. Option B accurately summarises this.

Question 50Czech dialogue and listening preparation with written scripts

In a recorded expert interview, a Czech philosopher of science says: 'Falzifikovatelnost - tedy zasada, ze vedecke tvrzeni musi byt v principe vyvratitelne empirickymi dukazy - je pro Poppera klicovym kriteriem demarcace vedy od nevedy. Astrologie a psychoanalyza jsou pro nej paradigmatickymi priklady nevedy, protoze jsou empiricky imunni.' What does the philosopher explain about Popper's criterion of falsifiability?

  1. Falsifiability means a theory has already been proven false.
  2. Falsifiability is Popper's criterion for demarcating science from non-science: a scientific claim must in principle be refutable by empirical evidence. Correct answer.
  3. Popper considered psychology a paradigmatic example of science.
  4. Falsifiability requires theories to be mathematically formalized.

Explanation

The philosopher defines falsifiability as the principle that a scientific claim must in principle be refutable by empirical evidence, and identifies it as Popper's criterion of demarcation between science and non-science. Option B reproduces this definition accurately.