DACBSP flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Concussion definition

A traumatic brain injury induced by biomechanical forces, producing functional rather than structural disturbance, with clinical symptoms that typically resolve spontaneously but may persist.

BESS balance test

Balance Error Scoring System: errors counted during 20-second eyes-closed stances on firm and foam surfaces, used as an objective sideline measure after concussion.

Cervical facet loading mechanism

Combined extension, rotation, and axial compression concentrates load on the facet joints and posterior elements, a common mechanism in collision and tackling sports.

Spondylolysis mechanism

Repetitive lumbar extension and rotation stress the pars interarticularis, most often at L5, producing bone stress in young athletes such as gymnasts and linemen.

GIRD definition

Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit: loss of internal rotation in the throwing shoulder compared with the other side, with total rotation often preserved.

ACL strain position

Anterior cruciate ligament load peaks near 30 degrees of knee flexion when combined with valgus and internal rotation moments during landing or cutting.

Exertional heat stroke

Core temperature above 40 C with central nervous system dysfunction during exertion; immediate cold-water immersion is the priority treatment and delays worsen outcome.

Commotio cordis

Sudden cardiac arrest from a blunt precordial blow during the vulnerable repolarization phase; survival depends on immediate CPR and defibrillation.

Sickle cell trait collapse

Exertional collapse with cramping and rhabdomyolysis in athletes with sickle cell trait, requiring aggressive hydration, cooling, and oxygen rather than heat illness treatment alone.

Quadriceps limb symmetry index

Ratio of involved to uninvolved quadriceps strength; a value of at least 90 percent is a common criterion before return to sport after knee injury.

Hop test battery

Single-leg, triple, crossover, and timed hop tests compared between limbs; a limb symmetry index below 90 percent suggests incomplete functional readiness.

High-risk bone stress sites

Femoral neck, anterior tibial cortex, navicular, and fifth metatarsal base fractures heal poorly and often require strict non-weightbearing or surgical consultation.

Ottawa ankle rules

Ankle radiographs are indicated with malleolar pain plus bone tenderness at the posterior malleolus or navicular, or inability to bear weight four steps.

Lachman test

Anterior tibial translation with the knee near 30 degrees of flexion; it is the most sensitive clinical examination for anterior cruciate ligament rupture.

Imaging for bone stress injury

Magnetic resonance imaging detects early marrow edema and fracture lines before radiographs become abnormal, making it the preferred modality for suspected bone stress injury.

Athlete-exposure definition

One athlete participating in one practice or competition; injury rates are expressed per 1,000 athlete-exposures to allow comparison across sports and studies.

Neuromuscular ACL prevention

Warm-up programs combining plyometrics, strength, balance, and landing feedback reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in youth athletes when performed consistently.

Youth pitch count rationale

Cumulative throwing load and insufficient rest are the strongest modifiable risk factors for elbow injury in young pitchers, so rules limit pitches and mandate rest days.

Therapeutic ultrasound depth

One megahertz penetrates about 3 to 5 centimeters; 3 megahertz penetrates about 1 to 2 centimeters, so frequency selection depends on target tissue depth.

Cryotherapy parameters

Cold application lowers tissue temperature, blood flow, and nerve conduction; sessions of roughly 10 to 20 minutes with a skin barrier limit cold injury risk.

WADA therapeutic use exemption

Athletes needing a prohibited medication for a legitimate medical condition must obtain prior approval, otherwise its presence constitutes a doping violation.

Preparticipation cardiovascular screening

History of exertional syncope, unexplained dyspnea, premature family sudden death, and a murmur warrant further cardiac evaluation before clearance for competitive sport.

Relative energy deficiency

Low energy availability with or without disordered eating impairs menstrual function, bone density, immunity, and performance, and raises stress fracture risk.

Exercise-associated bronchoconstriction

Airway narrowing triggered by cold dry air during exercise; managed with warm-up, pre-exercise inhaled beta-2 agonist, and WADA-compliant documentation.

Return-to-play authority

The treating clinician holds final medical clearance, and this authority should be established in advance and protected from coaching or organizational pressure.

Emergency action plan elements

A written plan names roles, equipment location, communication methods, and evacuation routes, and is rehearsed with coaches and officials before the season.

Phosphagen system duration

The ATP-phosphocreatine system supplies maximal intensity energy for roughly 10 seconds, after which glycolysis increasingly contributes to ATP production.

Heat acclimatization adaptations

Over 7 to 14 days of heat exposure, plasma volume rises, sweating begins earlier, and sweat rate increases, lowering cardiovascular and thermal strain during exercise.

Carbohydrate intake during exercise

Roughly 30 to 60 grams per hour for sessions of 1 to 2.5 hours, with up to 90 grams per hour using multiple transportable carbohydrates in longer events.

Exercise-associated hyponatremia

Low serum sodium from excessive plain water intake during prolonged exercise; prevention uses sodium-containing fluids and limiting intake to thirst and measured losses.

Osgood-Schlatter disease

Traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle in skeletally immature athletes, causing anterior knee pain with jumping and running and managed with load modification.

Early sport specialization risk

Intensive single-sport participation from a young age is associated with higher overuse injury rates, burnout, and dropout compared with diversified participation.