BW Abitur Biology Bilingual EN study plan

Describe the structure and function of the endomembrane system, mitochondrion, chloroplast and cytoskeleton, and explain how compartmentalisation increases metabolic efficiency

Distinguish passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport and osmosis by predicting the direction and energy cost of solute movement in a given scenario

Explain enzyme kinetics using Michaelis-Menten terminology (vmax, KM, competitive vs non-competitive inhibition) and sketch the corresponding graphs from memory

Design a controlled experiment on enzyme activity (e.g. temperature or pH dependence of catalase) and identify independent, dependent and controlled variables

Trace the flow of energy and electrons through photosynthesis, naming the products of the light reactions and the Calvin cycle and where each step occurs

Compare substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation in terms of location, electron carriers and ATP yield

Calculate and interpret the ATP yield of aerobic respiration versus lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation

Explain how membrane structure underlies chemiosmosis and why the inner mitochondrial membrane is folded

Solve dihybrid and sex-linked crosses, including testcrosses, and use chi-square reasoning to judge whether observed ratios deviate significantly from expectation

Describe DNA replication semi-conservatively, naming the roles of helicase, polymerase, primase and ligase

Explain transcription, RNA processing and translation, and predict the protein change caused by a substitution, insertion or deletion

Interpret a pedigree and justify whether a trait is autosomal or X-linked

Outline the steps of a gene-technological workflow: restriction digest, ligation into a vector, transformation, selection and screening

Explain how PCR, gel electrophoresis and CRISPR-Cas are used and what each method can and cannot show

Evaluate ethical and ecological arguments for and against releasing genetically modified organisms

Describe the primary and secondary immune response and explain how vaccination exploits immunological memory

Explain resting potential and the action potential in terms of ion channels, permeability changes and the sodium-potassium pump

Describe saltatory conduction and explain how myelin, axon diameter and temperature affect conduction velocity

Distinguish electrical and chemical synapses and explain temporal and spatial summation

Trace signal transduction from a sensory receptor to perception using one sense organ (eye or ear) as an example

Distinguish the mechanisms of mutation, recombination, selection, drift, gene flow and isolation in producing evolutionary change

Explain allopatric and sympatric speciation and apply species concepts to a given case

Read a phylogenetic tree and identify shared derived characters, monophyletic groups and misleading branch-length interpretations

Assess the strength of evidence for human evolution from fossil, comparative-anatomical and molecular data

Model population growth (exponential vs logistic) and calculate carrying capacity effects from given data

Trace the carbon and nitrogen cycles and identify where human activity disrupts them

Evaluate a conservation measure using criteria such as biodiversity gain, cost and social acceptance

Explain the difference between innate and adaptive immunity and the role of histamine in an allergic reaction

Analyse unfamiliar data sets and graphs under time pressure, stating the trend, the evidence and a limitation

Write full-mark exam answers using command verbs such as describe, explain, compare and evaluate

Identify and correct your three most frequent error types from earlier weeks

Practise English scientific register: define terms precisely and avoid vague wording such as 'it gets bigger'