Personenbeförderung, Sicherheit und Ladung
What this domain tests
Personenbeförderung, Sicherheit und Ladung covers safe carriage of passengers and goods in a D1 bus: seating and standing rules, seat belts, capacity, doors, emergency exits, luggage and load securing. The exam tests whether you protect passengers from falls, blockages and load movement, and whether you refuse an unsafe journey.
Core rules
- Do not exceed the permitted passenger capacity or axle loads. The D1 class covers vehicles with more than 8 but no more than 16 seats excluding the driver; capacity plates and documents state the limits.
- Passengers must use seat belts where belts are fitted and required. The driver must ensure that children are restrained according to the rules and that no passenger stands where standing is not permitted.
- Keep aisles, doors and emergency exits clear. Luggage must not block an exit, a gangway or the driver's view.
- Secure luggage and other loads against movement. Heavy items belong in the luggage compartment, not on seats or in the aisle.
- Roof loads and rear carriers must be within permitted limits and secured. Check height and clearance before driving.
- Before moving off, check doors are closed and passengers are seated or safely positioned. Brake and accelerate smoothly.
Worked example
A passenger boards with a large suitcase and places it in the aisle because the luggage rack is full. The correct response is to stop boarding or find another safe place for the case before moving. The aisle must remain clear for evacuation and for passengers moving to seats. If the case cannot be secured in the luggage area, it cannot travel loose in the passenger compartment. The driver explains the rule and does not move off until the aisle is clear. A short delay is preferable to an obstruction in an emergency.
Traps that cost marks
Counting the driver's seat when checking D1 capacity; allowing luggage in the aisle because the journey is short; assuming seat belts are only the passenger's responsibility; and overloading the roof without checking the permitted limit. Another trap is to move off while passengers are still standing or while a door is not fully secured.