Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Abitur Construction Engineering - independent engineering foundations cheat sheet
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Abitur Construction Engineering - independent engineering foundations · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Materials, testing and selection
Engineering stress σ = F/S₀ uses original area; E = σ/ε applies to the linear elastic region. Engineering stress itself is not confined to that region.
Toughness = whole curve area; resilience = elastic area
Hardness is not fundamental but correlates with strength
Grain refinement commonly increases yield strength in conventional metallic microstructures, subject to material and scale limits.
Selection needs specific indices (σ/ρ, E/ρ) plus cost and durability
Statics, strength and mechanical transmission
In an ideal planar model: pin has two force components, roller one normal reaction, fixed support two force components and a moment.
I = b·h³/12, W = b·h²/6 for a rectangle
Simply supported beam, central load: M_max = F·L/4
Euler: P_cr = π²EI/L_k², with L_k depending on the end conditions
Planar DOF: G = 3(n−1) − 2j₁ − j₂
For the defined ideal lossless gear pair, speed and torque-magnitude ratios are inverse; losses reduce actual output torque.
Building systems, load paths, heat and moisture
R=d/λ uses thickness in metres; total resistance includes the model’s surfaces and layers.
U=1/R_total is a steady-state element model, not the complete building energy demand.
Permanent, occupancy, wind and snow actions require the stated design framework.
Moisture, airtightness and intended ventilation must be considered together.
Example tie spacing is supplied data, not a code rule.
Timber and concrete construction foundations
Timber is anisotropic and requires specified grade, moisture and connection assumptions.
Slump describes a fresh-concrete consistency test, not a direct hardened-strength certification.
Reinforcement position and anchorage must follow the actual design.
Temporary works and intermediate construction stages need their own stability assessment.
No cover, lap, mix or stripping limit is invented from a foreign standard.
Engineering models, drawings, evidence and project decisions
State the system boundary and assumptions before calculation.
Units, sign conventions and uncertainty are part of the answer.
Verification against a specification differs from validation for an intended use.
Drawings need a declared convention and controlled revision.
Classroom models do not authorize physical operation or structural approval.