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North Rhine-Westphalia Abitur Sport - independent theory foundations study materials
North Rhine-Westphalia Abitur Sport - independent theory foundations study resources

North Rhine-Westphalia Abitur Sport - independent theory foundations practice questions

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Question 1Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

What acute cardiovascular response occurs immediately upon commencing strenuous exercise to meet increased muscular oxygen demand?

  1. Decreased stroke volume
  2. Constriction of active skeletal muscle arterioles
  3. Decreased systolic blood pressure
  4. Increased cardiac output (Q = HR x SV) Correct answer.

Explanation

Cardiac output (Q) increases rapidly during exercise as both heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) rise to transport oxygenated blood to active muscles.

Question 2Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

Which chronic adaptation results from long-term aerobic endurance training?

  1. Decreased capillary density surrounding slow-twitch muscle fibers
  2. Decreased mitochondrial size and number
  3. Increased left ventricular cavity size and stroke volume Correct answer.
  4. Decreased resting arteriovenous oxygen difference

Explanation

Aerobic endurance training leads to cardiac hypertrophy (specifically left ventricular cavity enlargement), enabling a larger stroke volume at rest and during exercise.

Question 3Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

What physiological process accounts for Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) following high-intensity anaerobic exercise?

  1. Replenishing intramuscular PC stores, clearing metabolic by-products, and restoring elevated body temperature/heart rate Correct answer.
  2. Synthesizing new muscle proteins to repair micro-tears immediately
  3. Converting blood glucose into stored liver glycogen within seconds
  4. Decreasing pulmonary ventilation below resting baseline levels

Explanation

EPOC represents elevated oxygen consumption post-exercise. The fast component restores ATP and PC stores and oxygenates myoglobin; the slow component metabolizes lactate, supports elevated heart rate, and clears heat.

Question 4Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

During exercise, an athlete's tidal volume is 2.5 L per breath and respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute. What is their minute ventilation (VE)?

  1. 16 L/min
  2. 42.5 L/min
  3. 0.0625 L/min
  4. 100 L/min Correct answer.

Explanation

Minute Ventilation (VE) = Tidal Volume (TV) x Respiratory Rate (RR) = 2.5 L x 40 breaths/min = 100 L/min.

Question 5Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

How does the arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff) change from rest to maximal aerobic exercise?

  1. It decreases to zero because muscles stop using oxygen
  2. It remains completely unchanged at all exercise intensities
  3. It increases significantly as working muscle tissues extract more oxygen from systemic arterial blood Correct answer.
  4. It fluctuates randomly depending on environmental humidity

Explanation

At rest, arterial blood carries ~20 mL O2/100 mL and venous blood returns ~15 mL, giving an a-vO2 diff of 5 mL. During maximal exercise, muscles extract far more oxygen, dropping venous content to ~3-5 mL, increasing a-vO2 diff to 15-17 mL O2/100 mL.

Question 6Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

How does increased capillary density around skeletal muscle fibers benefit an endurance athlete?

  1. It increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission along motor neurons
  2. It enhances oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscle cells while expediting removal of metabolic waste Correct answer.
  3. It decreases the surface area available for gas exchange
  4. It increases total blood viscosity, making blood thicker

Explanation

Capillarisation shortens the diffusion distance between blood and mitochondria, expanding surface area for oxygen uptake and accelerating removal of carbon dioxide and lactate.

Question 7Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

An athlete exercising on a treadmill has a measured heart rate of 160 bpm and a stroke volume of 125 mL (0.125 L). Calculate their cardiac output (Q).

  1. 1.28 L/min
  2. 28.5 L/min
  3. 200.0 L/min
  4. 20.0 L/min Correct answer.

Explanation

Cardiac Output (Q) = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV) = 160 bpm x 0.125 L = 20.0 L/min.

Question 8Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

In intermittent sprint sports (e.g., Australian Rules Football), what physiological mechanism dictates the rate of intramuscular phosphocreatine (PC) re-synthesis during short rest intervals?

  1. Anaerobic glycolysis producing high lactic acid to rebuild PC
  2. Ingestion of simple sugars during the 30-second rest break
  3. Conversion of muscle protein into PC stores
  4. Aerobic delivery of oxygen to mitochondria to produce ATP, which donates phosphate to creatine (fast EPOC component) Correct answer.

Explanation

PC re-synthesis is an aerobic process occurring in mitochondria. Oxygen delivered during rest intervals drives aerobic ATP production, which then phosphorylates free creatine back into PC (t1/2 = ~30 seconds).

Question 9Functional anatomy and exercise physiology

Using the Fick Equation (VO2 = Q x a-vO2 diff), calculate an athlete's maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) if their maximal cardiac output (Q) is 25.0 L/min and their maximal a-vO2 difference is 160 mL O2/L blood (0.16 L O2/L).

  1. 156.25 L/min
  2. 41.0 L/min
  3. 0.0064 L/min
  4. 4.0 L/min Correct answer.

Explanation

VO2 max = Q x a-vO2 diff = 25.0 L/min x 0.16 L O2/L = 4.0 L/min.

Question 10Energy systems and training principles

Which are the classic konditionelle Fähigkeiten in German sports science?

  1. Kraft, Ausdauer, Schnelligkeit, and Beweglichkeit Correct answer.
  2. Only Fairness and Olympism
  3. Only Analysatoren and GMPs
  4. Only Angst and Stress

Explanation

Konditionelle Fähigkeiten traditionally comprise strength, endurance, speed, and flexibility - distinct from coordinative abilities and psycho-social themes.

Question 11Energy systems and training principles

Which Trainingsprinzip states that loads must be large enough to stimulate adaptation?

  1. Prinzip der wirksamen Belastung (effective stimulus / overload principle) Correct answer.
  2. Prinzip never to train at all
  3. Prinzip that genetics alone determine all adaptation with zero training effect
  4. Prinzip that only one session ever matters

Explanation

Wirksame Belastung / overload means the training stimulus must exceed the accustomed load enough to trigger Anpassungserscheinungen.

Question 12Energy systems and training principles

Progressive overload in Krafttraining means:

  1. Gradually increasing training demands over time as adaptation occurs Correct answer.
  2. Keeping loads identical forever with no progression
  3. Reducing all loads to zero each week permanently
  4. Training only on competition day

Explanation

Progressive overload systematically raises stimulus (load, volume, density, etc.) so adaptation continues - central to Trainingsplanung.

Question 13Energy systems and training principles

Hypertrophy-oriented Krafttraining typically emphasizes:

  1. Moderate-to-high volume with sufficient load and metabolic stress to stimulate muscle growth Correct answer.
  2. Only one repetition ever at maximal load with no volume
  3. Only stretching without resistance
  4. Only visualization without lifting

Explanation

Hypertrophy programming generally uses adequate mechanical tension and volume; pure 1RM testing or stretch-only work does not optimally target hypertrophy.

Question 14Energy systems and training principles

What is the Motorischer Test NRW primarily used for in school sport contexts?

  1. Assessing selected motor performance capacities with standardized test items Correct answer.
  2. Determining university tuition fees
  3. Replacing the written Abitur Klausur entirely
  4. Diagnosing doping substances in blood

Explanation

The Motorischer Test NRW is a standardized motor-performance assessment tool used in NRW school sport contexts - theory knowledge about it appears in Leistungsdiagnostik themes.

Question 15Energy systems and training principles

Ausdauer as a konditionelle Fähigkeit is best defined as:

  1. Resistance to fatigue and maintenance of performance over time Correct answer.
  2. One-rep max strength only
  3. Maximum joint ROM only
  4. Aesthetic Gestaltung only

Explanation

Ausdauer is the capacity to resist fatigue and sustain performance - one of the konditionelle Fähigkeiten under Leistung.

Question 16Energy systems and training principles

Which statement best reflects Superkompensation in Trainingsplanung?

  1. After adequate recovery from a stimulus, performance capacity can temporarily rise above baseline Correct answer.
  2. Training effects appear only during the workout second itself
  3. Recovery is unnecessary for adaptation
  4. More fatigue always means better adaptation without limit

Explanation

Superkompensation describes a post-recovery window where capacity can exceed the prior baseline if stimulus and rest are balanced - foundational Trainingsplanung logic.

Question 17Mechanical analysis of movement

Which of Newton's laws of motion states that a body will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force?

  1. First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) Correct answer.
  2. Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)
  3. Third Law of Motion (Law of Action-Reaction)
  4. Law of Universal Gravitation

Explanation

Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) states that an object maintains its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change that state by net external forces. In physical education, this explains why a soccer ball remains stationary on the penalty spot until kicked.

Question 18Mechanical analysis of movement

In the human body, what type of lever has the axis (fulcrum) located between the force (effort) and the resistance (load)?

  1. Second-class lever
  2. Third-class lever
  3. Fourth-class lever
  4. First-class lever Correct answer.

Explanation

A first-class lever places the fulcrum (axis) between the force arm and resistance arm (FAR). An example in human anatomy is the neck joint during head extension, where the atlanto-occipital joint serves as the fulcrum between the neck extensors and the head weight.

Question 19Mechanical analysis of movement

Which anatomical action illustrates a third-class lever operating at maximum velocity rather than mechanical advantage for force?

  1. Gastrocnemius lifting body weight onto the toes
  2. Triceps brachii extending the elbow over the head
  3. Biceps brachii curling a dumbbell at the elbow joint Correct answer.
  4. Splenius capitis tilting the head backward

Explanation

Elbow flexion by the biceps brachii is a third-class lever because the effort force insertion (radial tuberosity) lies between the elbow axis and hand resistance. Third-class levers always have a mechanical advantage less than 1, trading force production for greater speed and distance at the distal end.

Question 20Mechanical analysis of movement

Which angle of release theoretical maximum provides the greatest horizontal distance for a projectile launched and landed at equal heights in a vacuum?

  1. 45 degrees Correct answer.
  2. 30 degrees
  3. 60 degrees
  4. 90 degrees

Explanation

For a projectile launched and landing at identical relative heights without air resistance, 45 degrees yields the optimal mathematical compromise between vertical flight duration and horizontal velocity component.

Question 21Mechanical analysis of movement

What happens to a gymnast's angular velocity when they tuck their body tightly during a somersault? Assume negligible external torque while airborne.

  1. Angular velocity decreases because moment of inertia increases
  2. Angular velocity remains completely unchanged
  3. Angular velocity increases because moment of inertia decreases Correct answer.
  4. Angular momentum decreases to zero

Explanation

By conservation of angular momentum (L = I × ω), tucking decreases the distance of body mass from the axis of rotation, reducing the moment of inertia (I). Because L remains constant in flight, angular velocity (ω) must increase.

Question 22Mechanical analysis of movement

Which physical adjustment increases an athlete's static stability and resistance to external forces?

  1. Narrowing the base of support and raising the center of gravity
  2. Shifting the line of gravity outside the base of support
  3. Decreasing body mass while raising the center of gravity
  4. Widening the base of support and lowering the center of gravity Correct answer.

Explanation

Stability is maximized by expanding the base of support (e.g., placing feet wider apart), lowering the center of gravity (bending knees), and ensuring the line of gravity passes through the center of the base of support.

Question 23Mechanical analysis of movement

An athlete's forearm acts as a lever during elbow flexion. The distance from the elbow joint axis to the biceps tendon insertion is 0.04 m, while the distance from the axis to the dumbbell in the hand is 0.32 m. What is the mechanical advantage of this lever system?

  1. 0.125 Correct answer.
  2. 8.0
  3. 0.36
  4. 2.8

Explanation

Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Force Arm / Resistance Arm = 0.04 m / 0.32 m = 0.125. Because MA is less than 1, this third-class lever operates at a force disadvantage but allows high speed and range of motion at the hand.

Question 24Mechanical analysis of movement

During a shot put delivery, an athlete applies an average net force of 400 N to a 4.0 kg shot over a contact duration of 0.15 seconds. Assuming the shot starts from rest, what is its velocity at the instant of release?

  1. 60.0 m/s
  2. 2.67 m/s
  3. 15.0 m/s Correct answer.
  4. 10.0 m/s

Explanation

Impulse = Force x time = 400 N x 0.15 s = 60 N s. By the impulse-momentum theorem (Impulse = mass x change in velocity), 60 N s = 4.0 kg x velocity. Therefore, velocity = 60 / 4.0 = 15.0 m/s.

Question 25Mechanical analysis of movement

Why does a golfer keep their lead arm straight during the takeaway and backswing to maximize drive distance?

  1. It increases the radius of rotation, maximizing linear velocity at the club head (v = r x w) Correct answer.
  2. It decreases the moment of inertia, making the club easier to swing
  3. It shifts the center of gravity outside the golfer's base of support
  4. It converts a third-class lever into a second-class lever

Explanation

Linear velocity at the extremity of a rotating segment is proportional to radius times angular velocity (v = r x w). Keeping the arm extended maximizes the radius (r), yielding a higher linear speed at impact for a given rotational body speed.

Question 26Mechanical analysis of movement

How does a competitive cyclist wearing a streamlined teardrop-shaped helmet reduce fluid resistance (drag)?

  1. It increases skin friction drag to pull the cyclist forward
  2. It eliminates wave drag by lifting the bicycle off the road surface
  3. It increases moment of inertia to maintain constant forward momentum
  4. It delays boundary layer separation, reducing turbulent pressure drag behind the head Correct answer.

Explanation

Form (pressure) drag results from pressure differences between the front and rear of an object in a fluid. A teardrop shape allows air to smooth around the contour, delaying boundary layer separation and minimizing turbulent low-pressure turbulence behind the head.

Question 27Mechanical analysis of movement

An airborne platform diver pulls into a tight tuck to perform three flips, then opens up into a straight layout position just before entry. What biomechanical change occurs when the diver opens up? Assume negligible external torque during this airborne change.

  1. Moment of inertia decreases, causing angular velocity to increase rapidly
  2. Angular momentum increases dramatically upon opening up
  3. Moment of inertia increases, causing angular velocity to decrease for a controlled entry Correct answer.
  4. The center of gravity drops below the water surface before entry

Explanation

Opening into a layout position extends mass away from the rotational axis, increasing moment of inertia (I). Under conservation of angular momentum (L = I x w), increasing I causes angular velocity (w) to decrease, slowing rotation for entry.

Question 28Mechanical analysis of movement

In a netball match, why does a defender widen their stance in the direction of an opponent's drive?

  1. It shifts the line of gravity outside the base of support to initiate a fall
  2. It extends the base of support along the line of incoming force, increasing stability Correct answer.
  3. It increases the mechanical advantage of third-class leg levers above 1.0
  4. It decreases friction between shoes and court surface

Explanation

Stability against external forces is maximized by expanding the base of support in the direction of the expected force. Widening the stance along the opponent's path prevents the defender from being pushed off balance.

Question 29Mechanical analysis of movement

When a person performs calf raises by rising onto their toes, what class of lever system is operating at the foot and ankle joint?

  1. First-class lever (Load at toes, Fulcrum at ankle, Effort at calf muscle)
  2. Second-class lever (Fulcrum at toes, Load of body weight at ankle, Effort at calf muscle) Correct answer.
  3. Third-class lever (Fulcrum at ankle, Effort at toes, Load at calf muscle)
  4. Fourth-class lever (No mechanical fulcrum)

Explanation

Calf raises operate as a second-class lever (ARF): the fulcrum is at the metatarsophalangeal toe joints, the resistance load (body weight) acts through the ankle joint, and the effort force is exerted by the gastrocnemius pulling upward on the calcaneus. This confers a mechanical advantage greater than 1.

Question 30Mechanical analysis of movement

A gymnast performing a giant swing on the high bar has a body mass of 60 kg and a radius of gyration (k) of 1.1 m. At the bottom of the swing, their angular velocity is 6.0 rad/s. Calculate their angular momentum (L = m x k^2 x w).

  1. 396.0 kg m^2/s
  2. 72.6 kg m^2/s
  3. 66.0 kg m^2/s
  4. 435.6 kg m^2/s Correct answer.

Explanation

Moment of Inertia (I) = m x k^2 = 60 kg x (1.1 m)^2 = 60 x 1.21 = 72.6 kg m^2. Angular Momentum (L) = I x w = 72.6 kg m^2 x 6.0 rad/s = 435.6 kg m^2/s.

Question 31Mechanical analysis of movement

In a supplied horizontal model, a70kg sprinter starts from rest and experiences an average net forward force of350N for0.8s. What final horizontal speed follows?

  1. 280 N s
  2. 5.0 m/s
  3. 2.0 m/s
  4. 4.0 m/s Correct answer.

Explanation

Impulse = Force x time = 350 N x 0.8 s = 280 N s. Impulse = mass x change in velocity (280 N s = 70 kg x v). Velocity = 280 / 70 = 4.0 m/s.

Question 32Mechanical analysis of movement

Compare the mechanical characteristics of a 2nd class lever vs a 3rd class lever in human athletic movement.

  1. 2nd class levers maximize speed and range of motion; 3rd class levers maximize force advantage
  2. Both 2nd and 3rd class levers have a Mechanical Advantage equal to exactly 1.0
  3. 3rd class levers place the fulcrum between force and resistance
  4. 2nd class levers confer a force advantage (MA > 1) but trade range/speed; 3rd class levers operate at a force disadvantage (MA < 1) but maximize speed and range of motion at the load Correct answer.

Explanation

In a 2nd class lever (ARF), the force arm is longer than the resistance arm (MA > 1), amplifying force. In a 3rd class lever (AFR), the resistance arm is longer (MA < 1), requiring greater force but magnifying distal speed and range of motion.

Question 33Motor control, learning and feedback

According to Meinel/Schnabel, which sequence correctly names the classic Lernphasen of motor learning?

  1. Grobform → Feinform → Stabilisierung (Festigung) Correct answer.
  2. Stabilisierung → Grobform → Feinform
  3. Feinform → Grobform → Improvisation only
  4. Only a single undifferentiated learning phase

Explanation

Meinel/Schnabel describe motor learning progressing from a rough Grobkoordination/Grobform through refined Feinform toward Stabilisierung/Festigung of the skill.

Question 34Motor control, learning and feedback

What do Roth's Vereinfachungsstrategien primarily aim to do when designing Lehr- und Lernwege?

  1. Reduce task complexity so learners can still practise the essential movement structure Correct answer.
  2. Eliminate all practice and rely only on verbal instruction
  3. Increase complexity to maximum from the first trial
  4. Replace motor learning with pure strength training

Explanation

Roth's Vereinfachungsstrategien are methods for simplifying teaching/learning pathways so learners can acquire the essential Bewegungsstruktur without being overloaded by irrelevant complexity.

Question 35Motor control, learning and feedback

During early Grobkoordination (Meinel/Schnabel), what is typically most characteristic of performance?

  1. Large variability, frequent errors, and a rough approximation of the target movement Correct answer.
  2. Near-perfect automatic execution under all pressure conditions
  3. Complete cessation of visual feedback needs
  4. Identical performance to elite competition level

Explanation

In the Grobform/Grobkoordination phase, learners produce a coarse approximation with high variability and errors before refining the skill.

Question 36Motor control, learning and feedback

Why might a teacher apply a Roth Vereinfachungsstrategie by reducing environmental demands first?

  1. So the learner can focus on the essential Bewegungsstruktur before coping with full situational complexity Correct answer.
  2. Because complexity never matters in motor learning
  3. To ensure the learner never progresses to realistic conditions
  4. To replace all physical practice with video watching only

Explanation

Simplifying environmental/task demands lets learners acquire the core movement structure; progression later reintroduces complexity - the pedagogical logic of Vereinfachungsstrategien.

Question 37Motor control, learning and feedback

How do Analysatoren support error detection during motor learning?

  1. By providing sensory feedback that learners compare against the intended movement outcome Correct answer.
  2. By permanently deleting motor memory after each trial
  3. By increasing muscle mass directly
  4. By setting competition scores automatically

Explanation

Sensory Analysatoren supply feedback that learners use to detect discrepancies between intended and actual movement - essential for corrective learning.

Question 38Motor control, learning and feedback

In Schmidt's GMP framework, changing movement speed while keeping the relative timing pattern is best described as:

  1. Parameter adjustment of an existing generalized motor program Correct answer.
  2. Creating an entirely unrelated new skill class from scratch each time
  3. Abandoning all motor programs permanently
  4. A purely cardiovascular endurance adaptation

Explanation

Within GMP theory, absolute parameters such as overall speed/force can be scaled while the abstract program (including relative timing) remains the same class of movement.

Question 39Motor control, learning and feedback

Which statement best distinguishes Feinform from Stabilisierung in Meinel/Schnabel Lernphasen?

  1. Feinform shows refined technique under favorable conditions; Stabilisierung adds robustness under variable/pressure conditions Correct answer.
  2. They are exact synonyms with no distinction
  3. Stabilisierung always comes before Feinform
  4. Feinform means the athlete stops practicing

Explanation

After Feinkoordination/Feinform is achieved in relatively stable conditions, Stabilisierung/Festigung aims at reliable performance under varying and pressured conditions.

Question 40Motor control, learning and feedback

Kinesthetic (proprioceptive) information used during a gymnastic skill is an example of which Analysator channel?

  1. A body-internal sensory information channel about joint/muscle status Correct answer.
  2. An external scoreboard channel only
  3. A purely auditory music channel with no body sense
  4. A legal rules channel

Explanation

Kinesthetic/proprioceptive feedback is a classic body-internal Analysator informing the learner about limb position and muscle tension during movement.

Question 41Motor control, learning and feedback

Why is biomechanical analysis useful for correcting technique errors?

  1. It links observable movement features to mechanical causes that can be targeted in practice Correct answer.
  2. It guarantees motivation without any technique change
  3. It replaces all physiological knowledge permanently
  4. It only applies to chess

Explanation

Biomechanical analysis (Göhner/Hochmuth traditions) helps identify mechanical reasons for technique flaws so coaches/learners can target specific corrections.

Question 42Motor control, learning and feedback

Which best describes the role of visual Analysatoren in early motor learning of a closed skill?

  1. They often dominate guidance as learners watch demonstrations and their own movement outcomes Correct answer.
  2. They are never used in any sport skill
  3. They only function after 20 years of practice
  4. They eliminate the need for any practice trials

Explanation

Beginners commonly rely heavily on visual information (demonstrations, outcome observation) before shifting toward more kinesthetic control as learning progresses.

Question 43Motivation, attention and coordination demands

Why can high competitive pressure impair coordinated performance?

  1. Stress/Angst can narrow attention and disrupt fine motor control and decision-making Correct answer.
  2. Pressure always improves every skill automatically
  3. Pressure deletes all sensory Analysatoren permanently
  4. Pressure only affects equipment color

Explanation

Angst and Stress im Sport can impair Handlungsfähigkeit by affecting attention, muscle tension, and decision quality - a core Wagnis Fokussierung alongside KAR.

Question 44Motivation, attention and coordination demands

How can teachers use KAR thinking when designing pressure training?

  1. Gradually increase situational pressure so coordination is practised under rising demands Correct answer.
  2. Never practise under any pressure at all
  3. Jump only to extreme panic conditions on day one with no progression
  4. Replace all coordination work with essays

Explanation

KAR-informed pedagogy progresses Druckbedingungen so athletes learn to maintain Handlungsfähigkeit as pressure rises - not avoiding pressure nor overwhelming beginners.

Question 45Motivation, attention and coordination demands

Which symptom cluster is most associated with Leistungsangst before a start?

  1. Elevated arousal, worry about failure, and possible coordination/attention disruption Correct answer.
  2. Complete indifference with zero physiological change
  3. Automatic improvement of every fine-motor skill
  4. Sudden mastery of Hochmuth principles

Explanation

Leistungsangst involves cognitive worry and physiological arousal that can impair attention and coordination - central to Angst und Stress im Sport.

Question 46Motivation, attention and coordination demands

Why is Verantwortung emphasized alongside Wagnis in school sport?

  1. Risk activities require ethical accountability for self and others' safety Correct answer.
  2. Responsibility is unrelated to risk sports
  3. Only winning matters, never safety
  4. Responsibility means never attempting challenging tasks

Explanation

The Inhaltsfeld pairs Wagnis with Verantwortung because risky action in educational settings must include accountability for safety and consequences.

Question 47Motivation, attention and coordination demands

Under rising Druckbedingungen, which performance change is most plausible for a partially automated skill?

  1. Increased errors if arousal exceeds the athlete's coping/automation level Correct answer.
  2. Guaranteed perfection regardless of preparation
  3. Immediate permanent loss of all long-term memory
  4. Automatic hypertrophy within seconds

Explanation

When pressure exceeds what the current automation/coping level can handle, error rates often rise - the practical implication of KAR/Angst–Stress topics.

Question 48Motivation, attention and coordination demands

Neumaier's work on koordinative Fähigkeiten is especially relevant to KAR because:

  1. Coordinative capacities are tested by how well they hold up under different demand/pressure conditions Correct answer.
  2. Coordination is unrelated to pressure
  3. KAR only measures hemoglobin
  4. KAR replaces all biomechanics

Explanation

Neumaier links koordinative Fähigkeiten to situational demands; KAR models how pressure conditions modulate coordinative Handlungsfähigkeit.

Question 49Motivation, attention and coordination demands

How can 'eustress' differ from debilitating Angst in sport?

  1. Moderate challenge stress can facilitate readiness; excessive Angst can impair performance Correct answer.
  2. All stress is identical and always harmful
  3. Eustress means zero arousal forever
  4. Angst always improves fine motor control

Explanation

Moderate activation can support Leistungsbereitschaft, whereas excessive Angst/Stress often disrupts Handlungsfähigkeit - a nuanced Angst/Stress distinction.

Question 50Motivation, attention and coordination demands

Which classroom scenario best targets Inhaltsfeld c rather than pure Trainingslehre?

  1. Reflecting on fear, pressure, and responsibility before a high-risk skill attempt Correct answer.
  2. Only calculating training volume for hypertrophy
  3. Only listing Gestaltungskriterien for a dance phrase
  4. Only naming the six Inhaltsfelder without application

Explanation

Reflecting on Angst, Druck, and Verantwortung is the heart of Inhaltsfeld c; volume calculations and Gestaltung criteria belong elsewhere.