Schleswig-Holstein Abitur Physics study plan

Set up a formula sheet for kinematics (v = v0 + at, s = v0 t + ½at², v² = v0² + 2as) and solve 12 problems, including free fall, vertical throw and motion on an inclined plane, without looking at the solutions first

Draw free-body diagrams for 8 situations (block on incline with friction, Atwood machine, elevator with acceleration, car in a curve) and derive the equations of motion from Newton's second law

Analyse uniform circular motion with centripetal force in at least 5 contexts (car in a curve, conical pendulum, loop track) and state in each case which force provides the centripetal force

Apply conservation of energy and conservation of momentum to 6 collision and pendulum problems and justify in writing why the chosen conservation law applies

Solve 8 gravitation problems (satellite orbits, geostationary orbit, Kepler's third law, escape velocity) and derive the expression for orbital velocity from the equality of gravitational and centripetal force

Sketch and interpret field line diagrams for electric fields of point charges, plates and conductors, and explain the meaning of field line density and direction in your own words

Calculate with Coulomb's law and the superposition principle for 6 charge arrangements, including the zero-field point on a line between two charges

Describe the motion of a charged particle in the homogeneous E-field (Braun tube, deflection, velocity filter) and derive the deflection quantitatively for 3 cases

Derive the radius and period of circular motion of a charge in a homogeneous B-field and apply both formulas to 6 problems (mass spectrometry, cyclotron, aurora electrons)

Apply the Lorentz force including the vector direction (right-hand rule, three-finger rule) to 8 cases and explicitly state the direction of force, velocity and field each time

Explain electromagnetic induction via the change in magnetic flux, formulate Faraday's law and Lenz's law, and justify the direction of the induced current in 5 experimental setups

Analyse at least 3 qualitative and 2 quantitative tasks on induction (moving conductor in a field, rotating coil, transformer) and estimate the order of magnitude of the induced voltage

Describe the harmonic oscillator mathematically (y(t) = A sin(ωt + φ), ω = 2π/T, restoring force, energy conversion) and solve 6 problems on the spring and string pendulum

Explain superposition, constructive and destructive interference using the path difference condition and apply it to 5 double-slit and grating problems

Derive the interference condition at the double slit and calculate wavelength, slit spacing and fringe spacing in at least 4 tasks, paying attention to units

Interpret diffraction at the single slit and at the grating qualitatively and distinguish diffraction from interference in writing

Sketch the intensity distribution of the double slit and explain the envelope of the single-slit diffraction

Explain the photoelectric effect with the photon model, set up the energy balance h·f = W_A + E_kin and solve 8 problems on stopping voltage, threshold frequency and work function

Interpret the intensity and frequency dependence of the photocurrent in a sketch and explain why the classical wave model fails

Justify wave-particle duality using the double-slit experiment with single photons and state the de Broglie wavelength for 4 examples (electron, electron microscope, macroscopic object)

Derive the Bohr model energy levels from the angular momentum condition and calculate transition energies and spectral lines for hydrogen

Explain the origin of line and continuous spectra and assign spectral series to transitions on an energy level diagram

Distinguish alpha, beta-minus, beta-plus and gamma decay by their decay equation and penetration, and set up 6 decay equations independently

Apply the decay law N(t) = N0·e^(−λt) and the half-life to 8 problems, including the C-14 method and activity in becquerel

Calculate mass defect and binding energy in u, MeV and J for 5 nuclear reactions and assess whether a reaction releases energy

Explain the relativity principle and the constancy of the speed of light, and derive time dilation and length contraction from the light clock in your own words

Calculate time dilation, length contraction and the relativistic Doppler effect for 6 numerical examples and estimate the size of the effect at v = 0.1c, 0.5c and 0.9c

Apply the relativistic energy-momentum relation E² = (pc)² + (m0c²)² and calculate rest energy, total energy and kinetic energy for 5 cases

Explain the equivalence of mass and energy using 2 examples (pair production, mass defect in the nucleus) and assess the limits of the classical approximation

Design an experiment for a given question (e.g. determining h with the photoelectric effect or g with the pendulum) including measured variables, error sources and a strategy for reducing errors

Evaluate 3 given measurement series (mean value, standard deviation, error bars, line of best fit) and formulate a reasoned conclusion

Describe the path from measurement data to a model (e.g. linearisation, graph) and name the limits of the model for 2 examples

Prepare 3 short technical presentations (5 minutes each) on topics from technology and everyday life (induction charging, medical imaging, GPS and relativity) and present at least one aloud with a timer

Argue a physics-society question in writing (e.g. radiation protection, energy supply, data centres) with at least 3 arguments, each with evidence and a counter-argument

Work through 2 complete Abitur-style mock exams under time pressure (one from mechanics/electricity, one from quantum/atomic physics) and mark them with the official-style point scheme

Compile the 10 most frequent errors from your own solutions and formulate a concrete correction strategy for each

Create a one-page 'exam day' checklist with time allocation, order of tasks and a strategy for checking results (units, orders of magnitude, limiting cases)