Saxony Hebraicum: Biblical Hebrew foundations flashcards
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- Masoretic pointing
- The system of signs accompanying the consonantal text in a reading tradition, requiring attention to the particular word and its grammatical context.
- Mater lectionis
- A consonantal letter used in some spellings to help indicate a vowel, distinguished from its consonantal function in another word.
- Dagesh forte
- A dot interpreted as consonant doubling in the appropriate environment, distinct from the lene function associated with relevant begadkefat contexts.
- Shewa
- A written sign whose vocal or silent interpretation depends on its environment rather than an automatic identical pronunciation in every word.
- Construct state
- A dependent noun form used in a chain of relationships, sometimes changing its visible shape and sometimes remaining identical to the absolute form.
- Absolute state
- A noun state distinguished from the dependent construct relationship, with the final noun helping determine the definiteness of a construct chain.
- Pronominal suffix
- An attached form indicating a participant or relationship, such as a possessor on a noun or an object on a verb.
- Attributive adjective
- An adjective modifying a noun and normally matching gender, number and definiteness, distinguished from an adjective functioning as the predicate.
- Binyan
- A Hebrew verbal stem supplying morphological and often semantic clues, whose precise lexical meaning still requires the particular verb and context.
- Wayyiqtol
- A verbal construction commonly carrying successive events in Biblical narrative prose, analyzed together with its root, participants and discourse role.
- Infinitive construct
- A nonfinite verbal form that can occur with prepositions or suffixes and contributes functions identified through its actual construction.
- Jussive
- A volitional form commonly concerning a third-person command or wish, whose realization and interpretation require attention to morphology and context.
- Verbless clause
- A clause expressing a predication without an overt finite copular verb, often requiring an appropriate form of be in a target-language translation.
- Direct object marker
- The particle אֵת in its common function marking a definite direct object, distinguished from a preposition or a noun’s position alone.
- Circumstantial clause
- A clause providing background or accompanying circumstances rather than necessarily adding another completed event to the main narrative sequence.
- Antecedent
- The contextual expression to which a pronoun or suffix refers, resolved through syntax and meaning rather than the nearest noun automatically.
- Contextual lexicon
- The selection of a word’s appropriate meaning through its passage, genre and historical setting rather than one memorized dictionary gloss.
- Parallelism
- A relation among poetic lines that can restate, contrast or develop a thought, identified through actual corresponding wording and meaning.
- Narrative voice
- The presentation of events or viewpoints within a text, distinguished from a character’s speech and from later historical or religious interpretation.
- Textual evidence
- The actual wording and structure supporting a reading, distinguished from plausible background stories or conclusions not established by the passage.