Saxony-Anhalt Abitur Engineering Sciences - independent engineering foundations flashcards
Saxony-Anhalt Abitur Engineering Sciences - independent engineering foundations · Build recall with a focused review session.
30 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- System boundary
- The chosen separation between a modeled system and its surroundings, determining which flows and interactions count as inputs or outputs.
- Assumption
- A stated simplification or condition used to make reasoning possible, which limits where the result can legitimately be applied.
- Dimensional consistency
- Agreement of physical dimensions across an equation, a necessary check that does not alone establish the correctness of its model.
- Sign convention
- A declared rule assigning positive directions or senses, required for consistent forces, moments, voltages, currents and coordinate calculations.
- Free-body diagram
- A representation of an isolated body with its external interactions, used to formulate the relevant equilibrium or motion equations.
- Schematic
- A functional representation of connections or relationships that need not reproduce the physical layout, scale or operating authorization of equipment.
- Tolerance
- A specified allowable range or deviation for a characteristic, distinguished from measurement uncertainty and from statistical process control limits.
- Resolution
- The smallest distinguishable display increment or input change under the device’s specified convention, which is not itself an accuracy guarantee.
- Calibration
- An established relationship between instrument indications and reference values under stated conditions, with associated uncertainty and traceability.
- Repeatability
- The closeness of repeated results under specified similar conditions, which does not by itself demonstrate freedom from systematic bias.
- Sensitivity
- The ratio of a change in indicated output to a change in measured input, with units and an applicable operating range.
- Uncertainty
- A quantified or described limitation in knowledge of a measurement or prediction, arising from instruments, observations, parameters or model assumptions.
- Verification
- Checking whether an output or design meets specified requirements through appropriate analysis, inspection, measurement or testing evidence.
- Validation
- Assessing whether a model or solution is suitable for its intended use, which is different from merely matching its own specification.
- Revision control
- A process identifying the authorized current version of drawings and records so changes remain traceable and incompatible versions are not mixed.
- Functional unit
- The defined service or output used as the basis of a comparison, particularly important when evaluating lifecycle or resource burdens.
- Efficiency
- A ratio of specified useful output to corresponding input over a consistent system boundary, distinct from heat-pump coefficient of performance.
- Power
- The rate of energy transfer or work, measured in watts in SI, rather than an accumulated amount of energy.
- Energy
- A quantity transferred or stored through physical processes, measured in joules or compatible units such as kilowatt-hours with explicit conversion.
- Load path
- The route by which actions are transmitted through members and connections to supports, including relevant intermediate construction conditions.
- Engineering stress
- Force divided by an explicitly defined reference area, commonly original cross-sectional area in a basic tensile-test convention.
- Engineering strain
- Change in length divided by the stated original length, a dimensionless measure whose percentage form must be converted before some calculations.
- Stiffness
- Resistance to deformation for a material or component under a stated relationship, distinguished from strength and affected by geometry at component level.
- Strength
- Resistance to a specified failure or yielding criterion under given conditions, which cannot be inferred from stiffness alone.
- Trade-off
- A situation in which improving one design criterion can worsen another, requiring explicit priorities rather than a claim of universal superiority.
- Traceability
- The ability to follow a result or item through identified records and references, supporting checks of origin, conditions and revision history.
- RMS value
- A root-mean-square measure of a varying quantity; its relation to a peak value depends on waveform rather than a universal square-root-two conversion.
- Feedback
- Use of information about an output or state to influence a control action, distinguished from monitoring that does not change the command.
- Process capability
- A model-based comparison of a stable process distribution with specification limits, requiring suitable variation estimates and a stated acceptance criterion.
- Opportunity cost
- The value of the next-best alternative forgone when allocating limited resources, which matters even when a project has no immediate purchase price.