Saxony-Anhalt Abitur Health - independent subject foundations flashcards

30 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Available carbohydrate

Carbohydrate that is available for digestion and absorption in the specified calculation, distinct from an assumption that every gram of dietary fiber has the same metabolic effect.

Glycemic load

A portion-sensitive calculation combining the specified glycemic index and available carbohydrate amount, rather than a complete assessment of overall dietary quality.

Indispensable amino acid

An amino acid that must be supplied adequately through the diet because endogenous synthesis does not meet human requirements in the relevant context.

Protein complementation

Combining protein sources with different limiting amino acid patterns within a varied adequate diet, without requiring one rigid pairing in every meal.

Edible fraction

The proportion of purchased food remaining as the edible material defined by the recipe, which must be distinguished from cooking yield and plate consumption.

Food-frequency questionnaire

An assessment tool designed to describe frequency and patterns over a stated period, generally more useful for habitual intake than exact single-day nutrient measurement.

Dietary recall

A retrospective description of food and beverage intake whose usefulness depends on memory, portion estimation, interviewing and the actual period being assessed.

Screening

A structured process for identifying people who may need fuller assessment, without treating the screening result as a complete diagnosis or treatment plan.

Enteral nutrition

Nutrition delivered through the gastrointestinal tract using a route and product selected according to assessed needs, function, safety and the responsible clinical process.

Parenteral nutrition

Intravenous provision of nutrients when clinically indicated, requiring appropriate access, formulation, monitoring and coordination rather than ordinary food-service substitution.

Refeeding risk

The possibility of important electrolyte, metabolic and fluid shifts when nutrition is reintroduced after inadequate intake, requiring assessed and monitored clinical care.

Malnutrition assessment

Integration of relevant intake, body changes, function, disease and other evidence rather than reliance on one serum protein concentration or visual impression.

Cross-contact

Unintended transfer of an allergenic material to another food, requiring control of ingredients, equipment, storage, preparation and actual recipe changes.

Cross-contamination

Transfer of a biological, chemical or physical hazard between materials, people, equipment or foods through a pathway that should be identified and controlled.

Verification

Checking whether the food-safety system functions as intended, distinct from routine monitoring of a specified control during current operations.

Sensitivity

The proportion of people with the defined reference condition who have a positive test, distinct from the probability of disease after a positive result.

Specificity

The proportion of people without the defined reference condition who have a negative test, with one minus specificity giving the false-positive rate.

Absolute risk

An event probability or proportion within a stated population and time period, requiring a clear denominator rather than only a comparison between groups.

Relative risk

A ratio of risks in defined groups, which should be interpreted alongside absolute risks, study design, uncertainty and the relevant period.

Behavioral goal

A defined feasible action with an agreed way to assess progress, rather than an unspecific intention or a guaranteed clinical outcome.

Homeostasis

Regulated maintenance of internal conditions within a functional range, involving interacting physiological processes rather than absolute absence of change.

Hypertrophy

Increase in the size of cells, distinguished from an increase in cell number and interpreted within the relevant tissue and functional context.

Ischemia

Insufficient tissue blood supply relative to need, which can compromise function and cause injury if sustained but requires clinical interpretation of the actual cause.

Remission

A period of controlled disease activity, assessed using the relevant clinical and other findings rather than a guarantee that a chronic condition has permanently disappeared.

Participation

Involvement in meaningful life situations, distinguished from a measurement of body function alone when developing a rehabilitation goal.

Adherence

The extent to which a person follows an agreed plan, interpreted with their understanding, preferences, resources, concerns and practical barriers rather than moral blame.

Demyelination

Damage to the insulating myelin surrounding nerve fibers, which can disrupt signaling and contribute to neurological problems depending on its location and context.

Active immunization

An intervention intended to stimulate the recipient’s immune response and memory, distinct from directly supplying already formed antibodies through passive immunization.

Incubation period

The interval between infection and the onset of symptoms, not necessarily identical to the period during which the person can transmit the agent.

Solidarity principle

In the explicitly named German statutory health-insurance framework, a financing principle connecting contributions with capacity while organizing covered benefits according to the system.