TestAS flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Figure sequence rotation rule

In Figurenfolgen, a shape that turns by a constant angle each step (e.g., 90° clockwise) follows a rotation rule; check whether the rotation direction or angle changes after several steps.

Numerical sequence first differences

Subtract consecutive terms; if the differences form a simple pattern (constant, arithmetic, or geometric), the original sequence is explained by that difference rule.

Interleaved numerical sequences

When a single difference rule fails, split the sequence into odd-position and even-position terms; each subsequence may follow its own independent rule.

Equation word problem setup

Assign a variable to the unknown, translate each sentence into an equation, and solve; verify the answer against the original wording, especially for age or mixture problems.

Text comprehension evidence rule

The correct option must be explicitly supported by the passage; options that require outside knowledge or make stronger claims than the text are wrong.

Figure matrix row-column rule

In Figurenmatrizen, examine rows and columns separately; a transformation may apply row-wise (e.g., shading) while another applies column-wise (e.g., rotation).

Latin square uniqueness

In a Latin square, each symbol appears exactly once in every row and column; use the most filled row, column, or block to eliminate impossible options.

Cube opposite faces

Two faces that never appear together in any view of the same cube are opposite; adjacent faces in a view share an edge and cannot be opposite.

Cube rotation deduction

Given two views, fix one common face and rotate the cube mentally; the faces adjacent to that face in both views constrain the remaining arrangement.

General aptitude pacing

The General Aptitude module rewards correct answers, not completed questions; spend no more than about 60–90 seconds per item and return to skipped items if time remains.

Figure sequence element count

Count the number of lines, dots, or shaded regions per step; a constant increment or decrement is a common rule in Figurenfolgen.

Numerical sequence ratio test

Divide consecutive terms; a constant quotient indicates a geometric sequence, while a changing quotient may indicate a factorial or power rule.

Figure sequence reflection

A shape that flips across a vertical or horizontal axis follows a reflection rule; check whether the flip alternates with rotation or translation.

Equation problem unit check

Before solving, confirm all quantities use the same unit (e.g., minutes vs. hours); convert first, then solve, and check that the result's unit matches the question.

Text comprehension scope

Reject options that are broader or narrower than the passage's claim; the correct answer matches the scope and certainty of the original statement.

Figure matrix transformation types

Common transformations in Figurenmatrizen include rotation, reflection, size change, shading inversion, and element addition or removal; identify which applies to rows versus columns.

Latin square block constraint

In a 9×9 Latin square divided into 3×3 blocks, each symbol appears once per block as well as once per row and column; use the block constraint to narrow options.

Engineering equilibrium equations

For a body in static equilibrium, the sum of forces and the sum of moments about any point are zero: ΣF = 0 and ΣM = 0; use these to find unknown reactions.

Stress and strain formulas

Stress σ = F/A (force per area), strain ε = ΔL/L (deformation per original length), and Hooke's law σ = E·ε relate load, deformation, and material stiffness.

Moment of a force

The moment M = F·d, where d is the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force; the unit is newton-metres (N·m).

Break-even quantity

Break-even quantity Q = FC / (P − VC), where FC is total fixed cost, P is unit price, and VC is unit variable cost; at Q, total revenue equals total cost.

Supply curve shift vs. movement

A change in price causes movement along the supply curve; a change in a non-price determinant (costs, technology, taxes) shifts the entire supply curve.

Fixed vs. variable costs

Fixed costs do not change with output quantity (rent, insurance); variable costs change proportionally with output (materials, hourly labor).

Correlation versus causation

Correlation means two variables change together; causation means one produces the other. Observational data alone cannot establish causation without controlled variation.

Control group purpose

A control group receives no treatment or a placebo, providing a baseline to isolate the treatment effect from confounding factors and natural variation.

Dimensional analysis check

Verify that both sides of an equation have the same physical units; an option with mismatched dimensions (e.g., m/s vs. m/s²) is impossible and can be eliminated.

Algorithm loop invariant

A loop invariant is a condition true before and after each iteration; it is used to prove correctness by showing initialization, maintenance, and termination.

Truth table validity

An argument is valid if every row where all premises are true also has a true conclusion; a single counterexample row proves invalidity.

Author's thesis identification

In humanities texts, the thesis is the main claim the author argues for; distinguish it from supporting evidence, examples, and background information.

Normative versus empirical claims

Empirical claims describe what is (testable by observation); normative claims state what ought to be (value judgments) and cannot be verified by data alone.

Mean versus median

The mean is the arithmetic average, sensitive to outliers; the median is the middle value when ordered, robust to extreme values. Compare both to detect skew.

Reverse causation error

Reverse causation mistakenly treats the effect as the cause; check the temporal order and mechanism before accepting a causal interpretation of a correlation.