Dell Data Protection Foundations flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Recovery Point Objective
- The maximum acceptable amount of data loss measured in time before an incident. It defines how frequently data must be protected and drives backup or replication frequency.
- Recovery Time Objective
- The maximum acceptable time to restore a service after an incident. It determines the recovery technology, site tier, and restore procedure required.
- 3-2-1 rule
- Keep at least three copies of data, on two different media types, with one copy offsite. Modern variants add one immutable or offline copy for ransomware resilience.
- Deduplication
- Storing unique data blocks only once and referencing them for duplicate writes. It reduces capacity consumption and is central to disk-based backup economics.
- Synthetic full backup
- A full backup image constructed from a previous full plus subsequent incrementals, without re-reading production data. It reduces backup window load.
- Change Block Tracking
- A hypervisor feature that tracks modified disk blocks between snapshots, enabling incremental VM backups. Resetting CBT forces a full backup.
- Instant access recovery
- Mounting a backup image directly to run a virtual machine or application without a full restore. It shortens RTO for urgent recoveries.
- Backup catalog
- A metadata repository mapping backups to source objects, retention, and locations. It enables search, restore selection, and retention enforcement.
- Application-consistent backup
- A backup that quiesces the application and flushes in-memory buffers before capture. It ensures the recovered application starts cleanly without corruption.
- GFS retention
- Grandfather-father-son retention keeps daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly restore points. The policy defines how many of each tier are retained.
- Backup window
- The time period allotted for backup jobs to complete. Exceeding it causes job overlap, missed SLAs, and impact on production performance.
- Test restore
- Recovering data to a non-production environment to verify backup integrity and procedure validity. It is the only proof that recovery works.
- Synchronous replication
- A replication mode where writes are acknowledged only after the remote site confirms. It provides zero RPO but is limited by latency and distance.
- Asynchronous replication
- A replication mode where writes are acknowledged locally and changes are shipped later. RPO equals the replication lag between sites.
- Split-brain
- A condition where both sites in a replication pair accept writes, causing divergence. Quorum or witness components prevent it.
- Failback
- Returning operations to the original primary site after a failover and recovery. It requires resynchronization and validation before cutover.
- PowerProtect Data Manager
- Dell's centralized software-defined data protection platform for virtual, physical, and cloud workloads, with application-aware protection and policy management.
- PowerProtect DD
- Dell's deduplicated backup storage appliance family. DDVE is the virtual edition deployable on supported hypervisors or cloud platforms.
- NetWorker
- Dell enterprise backup and recovery software for heterogeneous physical and virtual environments, supporting disk and tape targets with centralized management.
- Avamar
- Dell backup software using source-based deduplication and a grid architecture, often deployed for virtual machines and remote offices.
- PowerProtect Cyber Recovery
- A Dell solution creating an isolated vault with air-gapped copies and analytics, designed to recover from ransomware and destructive attacks.
- Agentless VM backup
- Backing up virtual machines through hypervisor APIs and a proxy appliance rather than an in-guest agent. It simplifies deployment and reduces guest overhead.
- Cloud storage tiering
- Placing backup copies in hot, cool, or archive cloud storage classes based on restore frequency. Retrieval cost and latency rise with colder tiers.
- Kubernetes data protection
- Capturing application-consistent snapshots of persistent volumes plus namespace and configuration objects, enabling namespace-level restore.
- SaaS application backup
- Protecting cloud-hosted applications such as Microsoft 365 independently of the provider's native retention, enabling granular item recovery.
- Deduplication ratio
- The ratio of logical protected data to physical stored data. It depends on data type and is a primary sizing and capacity metric.
- SLA reporting
- Mapping protection coverage and job outcomes to RPO and RTO commitments per application tier. It demonstrates compliance with service levels.
- Runbook
- A documented procedure for restore, escalation, and recovery steps. It is tested during DR exercises to confirm accuracy.
- Immutability
- A WORM control preventing deletion or modification of backups for a defined retention period. It is a core ransomware defense.
- Role-based access control
- Assigning permissions by role so only authorized users can delete backups, change retention, or perform restores. It enforces separation of duties.
- Legal hold
- A directive suspending deletion of specified data regardless of retention policy expiration, typically for litigation or investigation.
- Backup storage sizing
- Estimating required capacity from protected data volume, change rate, retention, backup frequency, deduplication ratio, and growth rate.