Denmark Category C1/E Light Lorry Trailer Theory Test flashcards

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Category C1/E scope

A C1 lorry of 3,500–7,500 kg maximum permissible mass drawing a trailer over 750 kg, with the combination not exceeding 12,000 kg total permissible mass.

Two-second rule

A minimum following gap of about two seconds' travel time applies at normal speeds on dry roads; it must be increased in rain, darkness, or on loose surfaces.

Rear projection marking

A load projecting more than 1 m behind the vehicle must be marked; at night or in poor visibility it needs a red light and reflector visible from behind.

Coupling sequence

Align the drawbar, reverse slowly, engage and confirm the coupling lock, attach the breakaway cable and plug, raise the jockey wheel, then check lights.

Breakaway cable attachment

The cable must be fixed to a dedicated point on the towing vehicle, not looped over the tow ball, so it applies the trailer brake if the coupling separates.

Tow ball vertical load

The downward load on the tow ball must stay within the manufacturer's range; too little causes snaking, too much overloads the rear axle and lightens the front.

Combination mass formula

Total combination mass equals unladen mass plus payload; it must not exceed the permissible combination mass, and no axle may exceed its permissible axle load.

Load securing capacity

Lashings must be rated for the load mass multiplied by the applicable acceleration factor, and must be re-tensioned after the first part of the journey.

Trailer swept path

On a turn the trailer tracks inside the towing vehicle's line; swing out before the corner and check the inside mirror throughout the manoeuvre.

Reversing with trailer

Steer opposite to the desired trailer direction, make small corrections, and use a guide or step out to check when mirror visibility is incomplete.

Countering trailer snaking

Release the accelerator and let the stabiliser act; do not brake hard or steer sharply, because that amplifies the oscillation and can cause a jack-knife.

Engine braking downhill

Select a lower gear before a descent and use engine braking; continuous service braking overheats the brakes and causes brake fade on long gradients.

Lorry blind spots

Large blind areas lie directly in front, alongside both sides of the cab, and behind the trailer; anyone not visible in the mirrors must be assumed present.

Mirror cycle

Scan left mirror, right mirror, interior view, and instruments every few seconds, combined with a far-ahead scan of about 12–15 seconds of travel.

Developing hazard

A hazard that is becoming more likely, such as a pedestrian nearing a crossing or a car edging out; it requires early speed reduction before it becomes an emergency.

Motorway entry

Use the acceleration lane to match traffic speed; a loaded combination accelerates slowly, so identify the gap early and merge without forcing others to brake.

Minimum tyre tread

Lorry and trailer tyres need at least 1.0 mm tread across the central three-quarters; bulges, sidewall damage, or exposed cords mean removal from service.

ABS warning lamp

The lamp must extinguish after start-up; if it stays on, the ABS is not functioning and the vehicle should not be used until it has been checked.

Trailer light check

After coupling, check the trailer's tail, brake, and indicator lights from behind; a poor electrical connection is a common cause of an unlit trailer.

High-visibility vest

A vest must be worn when leaving the vehicle on a road outside a built-up area, so the driver is visible to approaching traffic in poor light.

Daily driving limit

Nine hours of driving per day, extendable to ten hours twice in a week; the weekly limit is 56 hours and the two-week limit is 90 hours.

Break after 4.5 hours

After 4.5 hours of driving a break of at least 45 minutes is required; it may be split into 15 minutes followed by 30 minutes within the driving period.

Reduced daily rest

Daily rest is normally 11 hours and may be reduced to 9 hours at most three times between weekly rests; a split daily rest is 3 hours plus 9 hours.

Weekly rest rule

Weekly rest is at least 45 hours, reducible to 24 hours under conditions, with the compensation taken in one block before the end of the third following week.

Tachograph records

The driver must produce tachograph records for the current day and the previous 28 days, including manual entries for work done without the card inserted.

Securing an accident scene

Switch on hazard warning lights, put on a high-visibility vest, place the warning triangle at a distance suited to the road, and alert the emergency services.

Recovery position

An unconscious casualty who is breathing is placed in the recovery position; if breathing is absent, start CPR at about 100–120 compressions per minute.

Accident reporting

Report to the police where persons are injured or damage is significant, and exchange name, address, registration, and insurance details with the other party.

Fuel-efficient driving

Anticipate traffic, release the accelerator early instead of braking late, change up early, and keep engine speed in the economical band to cut consumption.

Tyre pressure and fuel

Correct tyre pressure lowers rolling resistance and fuel consumption; under-inflation raises tyre temperature and is both a safety and an environmental problem.

Aquaplaning risk

Aquaplaning risk rises with speed and low tread depth; on standing water, sudden braking or steering causes loss of control, so reduce speed smoothly.

Fog light use

Fog lights are used only where visibility is seriously reduced and must be switched off when it improves, so other drivers are not dazzled.