Algeria Medical Residency Contest - independent subject foundations flashcards
Algeria Medical Residency Contest - independent subject foundations · Build recall with a focused review session.
20 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Differential diagnosis
- A prioritized set of possible explanations for a presentation, revised using actual history, examination and appropriate investigation rather than one sign alone.
- Hemodynamic stability
- The adequacy and clinical trajectory of circulation and tissue perfusion, assessed using more than one isolated blood pressure or pulse reading.
- Preload
- The filling-related initial state of ventricular muscle before contraction, interpreted with physiology and disease rather than assumed to improve indefinitely with fluid.
- Afterload
- The load against which a ventricle ejects blood, related to vascular and ventricular conditions rather than identical to a single cuff measurement.
- Shunt
- Blood flow reaching the systemic circulation without effective contact with ventilated alveolar gas in the relevant pulmonary example, affecting oxygenation.
- Portal hypertension
- Elevated pressure in the portal venous system that can contribute to collateral vessels, ascites and splenic changes in the appropriate clinical setting.
- Nephritic pattern
- A renal presentation involving glomerular inflammation features such as hematuria, possible casts, hypertension and impaired filtration, evaluated with clinical context.
- Nephrotic pattern
- A renal presentation involving substantial urinary protein loss with associated low plasma albumin and edema, requiring evaluation of the actual cause.
- Anion gap
- A calculated difference between specified measured cations and anions, interpreted using the stated convention, laboratory context and possible albumin effects.
- Compensation
- A physiological response to an acid-base disturbance that must be compared with its expected range before a mixed disorder is excluded.
- Strangulation
- Compromise of blood supply to trapped or obstructed tissue, raising urgent concerns distinct from uncomplicated obstruction or reducible protrusion.
- Compartment syndrome
- A clinical concern involving impaired tissue perfusion within a constrained compartment, which can be present despite a palpable distal arterial pulse.
- Developmental surveillance
- Ongoing consideration of a child’s progress, family concerns and functioning across domains, distinct from diagnosing a condition from one milestone alone.
- Age in hours
- The elapsed postnatal time relevant to interpretation of neonatal bilirubin and other early newborn findings, not interchangeable with a generic newborn category.
- Preeclampsia
- A pregnancy-related hypertensive condition assessed with relevant organ findings and symptoms, not defined for all patients by proteinuria alone.
- Uterine atony
- Inadequate uterine contraction contributing to postpartum bleeding, assessed alongside tissue, trauma and coagulation causes rather than assumed in every hemorrhage.
- Delirium
- An acute or fluctuating disturbance involving attention and cognition that requires assessment of medical, medication and environmental contributors.
- Incidence rate
- A measure of new events relative to the actual person-time at risk during a specified interval, distinct from a prevalence count.
- Predictive value
- The probability of disease status given a test result in the relevant population and model, influenced by prevalence and performance assumptions.
- Shared decision-making
- A process combining appropriate clinical evidence with the person’s informed preferences and circumstances, while explaining options, risks and uncertainty.