Egypt Nursing Licensure Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Mean arterial pressure formula

MAP equals (systolic pressure plus twice the diastolic pressure) divided by three. A value below 60 mmHg means organ perfusion is inadequate and requires urgent escalation.

Pressure injury stage 3

Full-thickness skin loss extending into subcutaneous fat, with visible fat and possible undermining or tunneling, but without exposed fascia, muscle, tendon, cartilage, or bone.

Naegele's rule

Estimate delivery date by taking the first day of the last menstrual period, adding seven days, subtracting three months, and adding one year.

Late decelerations meaning

Fetal heart rate drops that begin after the contraction peak and mirror the contraction shape. They reflect uteroplacental insufficiency and call for left lateral positioning, oxygen, and stopping oxytocin.

Magnesium sulfate toxicity antidote

Calcium gluconate is the antidote. Monitor respirations at 12 or more per minute, presence of deep tendon reflexes, and urine output of at least 30 mL per hour.

Apgar score components

Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color are each scored 0 to 2 at one and five minutes after birth, giving a maximum of 10.

Holliday-Segar maintenance fluid

Give 100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg of body weight, 50 mL/kg/day for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg/day for each kilogram above 20 kg.

Kawasaki disease treatment

Intravenous immunoglobulin plus high-dose aspirin is given during the acute phase to reduce inflammation and prevent coronary artery aneurysms, followed by low-dose aspirin.

Croup first-line medication

A single dose of oral or intramuscular dexamethasone is given for croup. Nebulized epinephrine is added when stridor is present at rest or the child has marked retractions.

Shockable cardiac rhythms

Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia are shockable with defibrillation. Asystole and pulseless electrical activity are not shockable and require compressions and epinephrine.

Sepsis-3 definition

Suspected infection with a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 2 or more. Septic shock adds vasopressor need for mean arterial pressure of 65 mmHg or higher and lactate above 2 mmol/L.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

Adults receive 0.3 to 0.5 mg of 1:1000 epinephrine intramuscularly in the anterolateral thigh, repeated every 5 to 15 minutes if symptoms persist.

Glasgow Coma Scale threshold

The scale sums eye, verbal, and motor scores from 3 to 15. A score of 8 or below indicates severe impairment and the need to protect the airway.

Incidence versus prevalence

Incidence counts new cases in a population over a time period. Prevalence counts all existing cases at a point in time and approximates incidence multiplied by average disease duration.

Sensitivity of a screening test

The proportion of people who truly have the disease and test positive, calculated as true positives divided by true positives plus false negatives.

Herd immunity threshold

The proportion of a population that must be immune to interrupt transmission. Measles needs about 95 percent coverage; seasonal influenza needs roughly 50 to 60 percent.

Serotonin syndrome features

Agitation, hyperthermia, tremor, clonus, and hyperreflexia after serotonergic drugs. Stop the offending agent, give supportive care, and use cyproheptadine in severe cases.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics with rigidity, hyperthermia, altered mental status, and raised creatine kinase. Stop the drug, cool the patient, and give dantrolene or bromocriptine.

Lithium therapeutic range

Maintenance serum lithium is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L. Coarse tremor, vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, and confusion suggest toxicity, which dehydration and sodium loss worsen.

Alcohol withdrawal first-line drug

Benzodiazepines treat alcohol withdrawal and prevent seizures and delirium tremens. Thiamine is given before or with glucose to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy.

Six rights of medication

Right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation. Some frameworks add right reason and right to refuse.

Digoxin administration rule

Count the apical pulse for one full minute before giving digoxin. In adults, hold the dose and notify the prescriber if the rate is below 60 beats per minute.

Warfarin monitoring and reversal

Warfarin is monitored with the international normalized ratio, targeting 2 to 3 for most indications. Vitamin K reverses it, and fresh frozen plasma is used for major bleeding.

Paracetamol overdose antidote

N-acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen (paracetamol) overdose and is most effective when started within 8 to 10 hours of ingestion.

Airborne precautions requirements

Used for tuberculosis, measles, and varicella. They require a fit-tested N95 or higher respirator and a negative-pressure room with 6 to 12 air exchanges per hour.

Hand hygiene with soap and water

Alcohol rub is preferred unless hands are visibly soiled. Soap and water are required after caring for patients with Clostridioides difficile or norovirus because alcohol does not kill spores.

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis timing

Prophylactic antibiotics are given within 60 minutes before incision for most procedures, with repeat dosing during long operations to maintain adequate tissue levels.

Informed consent elements

Valid consent requires patient capacity, disclosure of risks, benefits, and alternatives, patient comprehension, and voluntary choice. The treating clinician obtains consent; the nurse verifies it.

Negligence four elements

The plaintiff must prove duty of care, breach of that duty, causation linking the breach to harm, and actual damages. All four must be established.

Delegation accountability

The nurse may delegate tasks within an assistant's training when the patient is stable, but retains accountability for assessment, planning, and evaluation of outcomes.

Body mass index formula

BMI equals weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Normal is 18.5 to 24.9, overweight is 25 to 29.9, and obesity is 30 or above.

Normal adult urine output

Adequate adult urine output is about 1 mL per kilogram per hour. Report output below 30 mL per hour for two consecutive hours as possible hypovolemia or renal injury.