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Cantabria PAU Greek II (Griego II) study materials
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Cantabria PAU Greek II (Griego II) practice questions

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Question 1Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In Classical Attic Greek, what is the genitive singular form of the first-declension feminine noun σοφία ('wisdom')?

  1. σοφίας Correct answer.
  2. σοφίης
  3. σοφίᾳ
  4. σοφιῶν

Explanation

In Attic Greek, first-declension feminine nouns ending in alpha pure (preceded by ε, ι, or ρ) retain α throughout the singular declension, yielding genitive singular σοφίας. The vowel η appears instead in Ionic dialect forms.

Question 2Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the nominative/accusative plural form of the second-declension neuter noun δῶρον ('gift')?

  1. δῶροι
  2. δῶρα Correct answer.
  3. δώρους
  4. δώρων

Explanation

Second-declension neuter nouns end in -ον in the nominative singular and take the ending -α in the nominative, accusative, and vocative plural (δῶρα).

Question 3Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the genitive singular form of the third-declension dental-stem noun παῖς ('child', stem παιδ-)?

  1. παιδί
  2. παῖδα
  3. παιδός Correct answer.
  4. παίδων

Explanation

Nouns of the third declension add the ending -ος to the stem in the genitive singular. For the dental stem παιδ-, the genitive singular is παιδός.

Question 4Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which form represents the 3rd person plural present active indicative of the thematic verb λύω ('to unbind')?

  1. λύεις
  2. λύει
  3. λύομεν
  4. λύουσι(ν) Correct answer.

Explanation

The 3rd person plural present active indicative ending for thematic (-ω) verbs in Attic Greek is -ουσι(ν) (derived from *-οντι), producing λύουσι(ν).

Question 5Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What type of augment is applied to form the imperfect indicative of initial-consonant verbs like λύω (imperfect ἔλυον)?

  1. Syllabic augment (ἐ-) Correct answer.
  2. Temporal augment (vowel lengthening)
  3. Reduplication
  4. Zero augment

Explanation

Verbs beginning with a consonant add a prefixing syllabic augment ἐ- in past indicative tenses (e.g., λύω → ἔλυον). Verbs beginning with a vowel undergo temporal augment (vowel lengthening).

Question 6Ancient Greek reading and translation

Translate the sentence from Xenophon: 'Ὁ δὲ Κῦρος ἀκούσας ταῦτα ἀνέβαινεν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος' ('And Cyrus...').

  1. And Cyrus, having heard these things, marched up onto the mountain. Correct answer.
  2. And Cyrus will hear these things before descending into the plain.
  3. And Cyrus ordering these things remained inside the city.
  4. And Cyrus was hearing these things while building the wall.

Explanation

Ὁ δὲ Κῦρος ('And Cyrus') + ἀκούσας ταῦτα (aorist participle 'having heard these things') + ἀνέβαινεν (imperfect 'was marching up') + ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος ('onto the mountain').

Question 7Ancient Greek reading and translation

What is the correct translation of the fable opening: 'Ἀλώπηξ λιμώττουσα, ὡς ἐθεάσατο ἀμπέλου βότρυας...'?

  1. A brave lion, when he saw the sheep of the farmer...
  2. A hungry fox, when she beheld clusters of grapes on a vine... Correct answer.
  3. A cunning wolf, having caught a fat goat...
  4. A thirsty crow, as it drank from a deep well...

Explanation

Ἀλώπηξ ('a fox') + λιμώττουσα ('being hungry/starving') + ὡς ἐθεάσατο ('when she beheld') + ἀμπέλου βότρυας ('clusters of grapes of a vine'). This is the famous opening of Aesop's fable of the Fox and the Grapes.

Question 8Ancient Greek reading and translation

In Lysias' speech *Against Eratosthenes* (Κατὰ Ἐρατοσθένους), who were the oligarchic rulers responsible for the execution of Lysias' brother Polemarchus?

  1. The Eleven Magistrates
  2. The Four Hundred
  3. The Thirty Tyrants (οἱ Τριάκοντα) Correct answer.
  4. The Ten Archons

Explanation

Lysias delivered *Against Eratosthenes* to prosecute Eratosthenes, a prominent member of the Thirty Tyrants (οἱ Τριάκοντα), who seized power in Athens in 404 BCE and executed Lysias' brother Polemarchus without trial.

Question 9Ancient Greek reading and translation

What is the English translation of the opening line of Homer's *Iliad*: 'Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος'?

  1. Tell me, O Muse, of the man of many turns...
  2. Sing, O Muse, of the sea-wanderings of Odysseus...
  3. Sing, goddess, of the doom of Troy and the fall of Priam...
  4. Sing, goddess, of the wrath of Achilles, son of Peleus... Correct answer.

Explanation

Μῆνιν ('wrath/rage') + ἄειδε ('sing!') + θεά ('goddess/Muse') + Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος ('of Achilles, son of Peleus'). This is the iconic first line of the *Iliad*.

Question 10Ancient Greek reading and translation

In Xenophon's *Anabasis*, what does the standard formula 'ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει σταθμοὺς τρεῖς παρασάγγας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν' mean?

  1. From there he marches three stages, twenty-five parasangs. Correct answer.
  2. Thereupon he was defeated after three battles lasting twenty-five hours.
  3. Thence he sailed three days, twenty-five nautical miles.
  4. From there he sent three messengers across twenty-five cities.

Explanation

ἐντεῦθεν ('from there') + ἐξελαύνει ('he marches/advances') + σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ('three day-stages') + παρασάγγας πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν ('twenty-five parasangs'). This is Xenophon's classic formulaic reporting of progress.

Question 11Ancient Greek lexicon and derivatives

What is the Ancient Greek root 'δῆμος' (demos) in words like 'democracy' (democracia) and 'epidemic' (epidemia)?

  1. People / Citizens Correct answer.
  2. God / Divinity
  3. Law / Custom
  4. House / Estate

Explanation

The root δῆμος (demos) means 'people' or 'populace'. Combined with κράτος (power), it forms democracy ('power of the people'); with ἐπί (upon), it forms epidemic ('upon the people').

Question 12Ancient Greek lexicon and derivatives

Which two Ancient Greek roots compose the scientific term 'biology' (biología)?

  1. βίος (life) and φόβος (fear)
  2. βίος (life) and λόγος (study/word) Correct answer.
  3. βίος (life) and γράφειν (to write)
  4. βίος (life) and νόμος (law)

Explanation

Biology comes from βίος (bios, 'life') and -λογία (logia, derived from λόγος, meaning 'study', 'discourse', or 'branch of knowledge').

Question 13Ancient Greek lexicon and derivatives

Etymologically, what does the word 'philosophy' (filosofía) mean based on its Greek roots φίλος and σοφία?

  1. Study of nature and cosmos
  2. Worship of ancient gods
  3. Love of wisdom Correct answer.
  4. Art of persuasive speaking

Explanation

Filosofía derives from φίλος (philos, 'loving' / 'friend') and σοφία (sophia, 'wisdom'), yielding literal 'love of wisdom'.

Question 14Ancient Greek lexicon and derivatives

What is the meaning of the Greek root 'χρόνος' (chronos) found in terms like 'chronology', 'chronic', and 'anachronism'?

  1. Color / Pigment
  2. Hand / Craft
  3. Place / Region
  4. Time Correct answer.

Explanation

χρόνος (chronos) means 'time'. Chronology is the arrangement of events in time; chronic refers to a long-lasting condition over time; anachronism is a chronological error.

Question 15Ancient Greek lexicon and derivatives

What function is served by the Greek prefix 'α-' / 'αν-' (alpha privative) in words like 'atheist', 'anarchy', and 'apathy'?

  1. Negation, absence, or lack ('without' / 'not') Correct answer.
  2. Excess or exaggeration ('over' / 'above')
  3. Repetition or back again ('re-' / 'again')
  4. Together or union ('with' / 'jointly')

Explanation

The alpha privative (α- before consonants, αν- before vowels) negates the following stem: a-theist ('without god'), an-archy ('without ruler'), a-pathy ('without feeling').

Question 16Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

Which two major epic poems are traditionally attributed to Homer, laying the foundation of Western literature?

  1. The Iliad and the Odyssey Correct answer.
  2. The Aeneid and the Metamorphoses
  3. The Theogony and Works and Days
  4. The Oresteia and Antigone

Explanation

The *Iliad* (focusing on Achilles' wrath during the Trojan War) and the *Odyssey* (focusing on Odysseus' ten-year return journey) are the two masterworks attributed to Homer.

Question 17Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

In ancient Greek mythology, who was the king of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and wielder of the thunderbolt?

  1. Poseidon
  2. Zeus Correct answer.
  3. Hades
  4. Apollo

Explanation

Zeus (Ζεύς) was the supreme Olympian deity, lord of the sky, ruler of Olympus, and father of gods and men.

Question 18Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

Which Athenian statesman introduced democratic reforms in 508/7 BCE by reorganizing citizens into ten artificial tribes (demes)?

  1. Solon
  2. Pericles
  3. Cleisthenes Correct answer.
  4. Peisistratus

Explanation

Cleisthenes (Κλεισθένης) is regarded as the 'father of Athenian democracy' for breaking regional aristocratic factions by reorganizing Attica into ten new tribes based on demes.

Question 19Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

In 480 BCE, which famous naval battle saw the united Greek fleet defeat the Persian navy of King Xerxes I?

  1. Battle of Marathon
  2. Battle of Thermopylae
  3. Battle of Plataea
  4. Battle of Salamis Correct answer.

Explanation

The Battle of Salamis (480 BCE) was a decisive naval victory where the Greek fleet, led by Themistocles, destroyed the Persian fleet in the narrow straits of Salamis.

Question 20Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

Athenian theatrical dramatic competitions were celebrated annually during which major religious festival honoring a deity?

  1. The Great Dionysia (Dionysia ta Megala), honoring Dionysus Correct answer.
  2. The Panathenaea, honoring Athena
  3. The Eleusinian Mysteries, honoring Demeter
  4. The Pythian Games, honoring Apollo

Explanation

Tragic and comic dramatic competitions took place in Athens during the City/Great Dionysia festival in spring, held in honor of Dionysus, god of wine, ritual ecstasy, and theater.

Question 21Ancient Greek history, society and reception

In Plato, a definitional question of the form τί ἐστι X; most directly aims at:

  1. An essential definition / ‘what X is’ Correct answer.
  2. A catalogue of accidental examples without essence
  3. A hexameter paraphrase of a Homeric simile
  4. A Roman legal statute citation

Explanation

In Plato, τί ἐστι X; seeks an essential definition-what X is in itself (οὐσία)-rather than a loose list of examples, epic paraphrase, or later Roman law.

Question 22Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which of the following forms is the nominative singular contract form of the second-declension noun νόος ('mind') in Attic Greek?

  1. νόημα
  2. νοῦς Correct answer.
  3. νόον
  4. νόος

Explanation

In Attic Greek, second-declension stems in -ο- undergo contraction when preceded by ο or ε, contracting -οος to -οῦς (νόος → νοῦς).

Question 23Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which form represents the nominative plural of the first-person personal pronoun ('we') in Classical Greek?

  1. ἐγώ
  2. ὑμεῖς
  3. ἡμεῖς Correct answer.
  4. σφεῖς

Explanation

The first-person nominative plural pronoun ('we') is ἡμεῖς. In contrast, ὑμεῖς means 'you all' (2nd person plural).

Question 24Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the dative plural form of the third-declension liquid stem noun ῥήτωρ ('orator', stem ῥητορ-)?

  1. ῥητόροις
  2. ῥητόρων
  3. ῥήτορας
  4. ῥήτορσι(ν) Correct answer.

Explanation

Third-declension liquid stems form the dative plural by adding -σι(ν) directly to the stem (ῥητορ- + -σι → ῥήτορσι(ν)).

Question 25Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the first person singular future active indicative of the labial-stem verb γράφω ('to write')?

  1. γράψω Correct answer.
  2. γράσω
  3. γραφήσω
  4. ἔγραψα

Explanation

The sigmatic future adds -σ- to the verb stem. When a labial consonant (π, β, φ) combines with -σ-, it produces the double consonant ψ (γράφ- + -σω → γράψω).

Question 26Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which form represents the 3rd person singular weak (first) aorist active indicative of πέμπω ('to send')?

  1. ἔπεμπον
  2. ἔπεμψε(ν) Correct answer.
  3. πεπόμφει
  4. πέμψει

Explanation

The first (weak) aorist active incorporates an augment (ἐ-), tense suffix -σα- (labial π + σ → ψ), and person ending -ε(ν) in the 3rd person singular, yielding ἔπεμψε(ν).

Question 27Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 1st person singular active indicative of the strong (second) aorist of λείπω ('to leave')?

  1. ἔλειψα
  2. λείψω
  3. ἔλιπον Correct answer.
  4. λέλοιπα

Explanation

Strong (second) aorists alter the verb root (here from ablaut grade λειπ- to λιπ-) and take secondary imperfect endings with augment (ἔ-λιπ-ον).

Question 28Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In Attic Greek, what is the 1st person singular present active indicative contract form of ποιέω ('to make/do')?

  1. ποιάω
  2. ποιῶμαι
  3. ποιεῖς
  4. ποιῶ Correct answer.

Explanation

Verbs in -έω undergo contraction in the present stem in Attic Greek. The combination ε + ω contracts into ω (ποιέ-ω → ποιῶ).

Question 29Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the masculine nominative singular comparative degree form of the regular adjective σοφός ('wise')?

  1. σοφώτερος Correct answer.
  2. σοφότερος
  3. σοφώτατος
  4. σοφίων

Explanation

Adjectives end in -ώτερος in the comparative when the preceding stem syllable is short (open with short vowel). Because the penult -φο- in σοφός is short, omega is lengthened to maintain quantitative rhythm (σοφώτερος).

Question 30Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which of the following represents the neuter nominative/accusative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun οὗτος ('this')?

  1. ταῦτα
  2. τοῦτο Correct answer.
  3. αὕτη
  4. τούτου

Explanation

The demonstrative pronoun οὗτος has neuter nominative/accusative singular τοῦτο (with initial τ- and ending in -ο rather than -ον).

Question 31Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 1st person singular perfect active indicative form of λύω ('to unbind')?

  1. ἔλυσα
  2. λέλυμαι
  3. λέλυκα Correct answer.
  4. λυθήσομαι

Explanation

The perfect active indicative features initial consonant reduplication (λε-), the stem with zero grade, and the suffix -κα (λέλυκα).

Question 32Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which form is the 3rd person singular present middle/passive indicative of the verb λύω?

  1. λύεσθαι
  2. λυόμεθα
  3. λύῃ
  4. λύεται Correct answer.

Explanation

The primary middle/passive personal ending for 3rd person singular is -ται, attached via thematic vowel -ε-, yielding λύεται.

Question 33Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 3rd person plural present active indicative form of the athematic (-μι) verb δίδωμι ('to give') in Attic Greek?

  1. διδόασι(ν) Correct answer.
  2. διδόντων
  3. δίδωσι(ν)
  4. διδοῦσι(ν)

Explanation

Athematic -μι verbs like δίδωμι form the 3rd person plural present active indicative with the suffix -ᾱσι(ν) attached to the short root vowel, yielding διδόασι(ν) in Attic Greek.

Question 34Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the genitive singular form in Attic Greek of the third-declension neuter s-stem noun γένος ('race/kind')?

  1. γένοτος
  2. γένους Correct answer.
  3. γενέσεως
  4. γένεσι

Explanation

Neuter s-stems (stem γενεσ-) drop the intervocalic σ in inflection (γενεσ-ος → γένεος). In Attic Greek, ε + ο contracts regularly into ου, yielding γένους.

Question 35Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the genitive singular form of the third-declension noun βασιλεύς ('king', stem βασιλευ- / βασιλεϝ-) in Attic Greek?

  1. βασιλεῦος
  2. βασιλέος
  3. βασιλέως Correct answer.
  4. βασιλεῦσι

Explanation

Nouns in -εύς originally had stems ending in digamma (-ηϝ- / -εϝ-). Loss of digamma led to quantitative metathesis in Attic Greek (Homeric βασιλῆος → Attic βασιλέως), where long η shortens to ε and short ο lengthens to ω.

Question 36Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which form represents the 1st person singular aorist passive indicative of the verb λύω?

  1. ἐλυόμην
  2. λέλυμαι
  3. λυθήσομαι
  4. ἐλύθην Correct answer.

Explanation

The aorist passive indicative is formed with the augment (ἐ-), zero grade or modified verb stem, the passive marker -θη-, and active secondary personal endings (-ν), giving ἐλύθην.

Question 37Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In the sentence 'Ὁ στρατηγός ἐστι σοφός' ('The general is wise'), what syntactic function does 'σοφός' perform?

  1. Predicate nominative Correct answer.
  2. Direct object accusative
  3. Dative of manner
  4. Genitive of specification

Explanation

In sentences with copular verbs like εἰμί ('to be'), the adjective agreeing with the subject nominative functions as a predicate nominative (σοφός).

Question 38Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In the phrase 'ἔμειναν τρεῖς ἡμέρας' ('they remained for three days'), what syntax is expressed by 'τρεῖς ἡμέρας'?

  1. Accusative of direct object
  2. Accusative of extent of time Correct answer.
  3. Genitive of time within which
  4. Dative of point in time

Explanation

The accusative without a preposition is used to express duration or extent of time ('for three days'). In contrast, time within which is expressed by the genitive, and point in time by the dative.

Question 39Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In Ancient Greek, which case without a preposition is used to express the instrument or means by which an action is carried out (e.g., τῷ λίθῳ ἔβαλον)?

  1. Genitive
  2. Accusative
  3. Dative Correct answer.
  4. Nominative

Explanation

The dative case absorbs the functions of the Proto-Indo-European instrumental case, expressing the instrument, tool, or means of an action (dative of instrument/means).

Question 40Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In the clause 'ὁ παῖς ἐστι μείζων τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ' ('the boy is taller than his brother'), what syntactic role does 'τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ' fulfill?

  1. Genitive of possession
  2. Genitive absolute
  3. Genitive partitive
  4. Genitive of comparison Correct answer.

Explanation

When comparing two entities with a comparative adjective (μείζων), the second member of comparison can be expressed in the genitive case without a conjunction (genitive of comparison).

Question 41Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which Greek preposition exclusively takes the dative case to express location ('in' / 'among')?

  1. ἐν Correct answer.
  2. εἰς
  3. ἐκ
  4. διά

Explanation

The preposition ἐν governs only the dative case to denote rest in a place or state. In contrast, εἰς takes the accusative (motion into) and ἐκ takes the genitive (motion out of).

Question 42Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which of the following phrases demonstrates the attributive position of an adjective in Ancient Greek?

  1. ὁ ἀνὴρ σοφός
  2. ὁ σοφὸς ἀνήρ Correct answer.
  3. σοφὸς ὁ ἀνήρ
  4. ἀνὴρ σοφός ἐστιν

Explanation

In Ancient Greek, an adjective is in the attributive position when it directly follows the article (e.g., ὁ σοφὸς ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ σοφός, meaning 'the wise man'). When the article precedes only the noun (ὁ ἀνὴρ σοφός), the adjective is in the predicate position ('the man is wise').

Question 43Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In the indirect statement 'Ἔλεγον τὸν στρατηγὸν νικῆσαι' ('They said that the general won'), why is 'τὸν στρατηγὸν' in the accusative case?

  1. It is the direct object of ἔλεγον.
  2. It is an accusative of respect.
  3. It is the subject of the infinitive νικῆσαι in an Accusative with Infinitive construction. Correct answer.
  4. It is an accusative of duration of time.

Explanation

In Ancient Greek, indirect statements following verbs of declaring or thinking (like λέγω, φημί, νομίζω) frequently use an Accusative with Infinitive construction (AcI), where the subject of the infinitive is expressed in the accusative case.

Question 44Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Identify the syntactic construction present in the clause 'τοῦ ἡλίου δύνοντος, ἀπῆλθον' ('When the sun was setting, they departed').

  1. Accusative Absolute
  2. Supplementary Participle
  3. Attributive Participle
  4. Genitive Absolute Correct answer.

Explanation

A Genitive Absolute consists of a noun/pronoun and a participle in the genitive case that function as a subordinate circumstantial clause grammatically independent of the main clause elements.

Question 45Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In the sentence 'Ταῦτα εἰπὼν ἀπέβη' ('Having said these things, he departed'), what type of participle is 'εἰπών'?

  1. Circumstantial (Adverbial) Participle of time/prior action Correct answer.
  2. Supplementary Participle of feeling
  3. Attributive Participle
  4. Substantivized Participle

Explanation

The circumstantial (adverbial) participle modifies the main verb by expressing temporal relationship, cause, condition, or concession. Here the aorist participle εἰπών expresses temporal priority ('after having spoken').

Question 46Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

According to the rules of relative pronoun agreement in Ancient Greek, how does a relative pronoun (ὅς, ἥ, ὅ) agree with its antecedent?

  1. It agrees in case, gender, and number with the antecedent.
  2. It agrees in gender and number with the antecedent, but its case is determined by its function in the relative clause. Correct answer.
  3. It agrees only in case with the antecedent, adopting masculine gender by default.
  4. It always takes the accusative case regardless of clause function.

Explanation

A relative pronoun derives its gender and number from its antecedent in the main clause, whereas its case is determined by its grammatical function (subject, direct object, etc.) within its own relative clause.

Question 47Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which mood is regularly used in primary sequence purpose clauses introduced by ἵνα, ὅπως, or ὡς ('in order that')?

  1. Imperative
  2. Indicative
  3. Subjunctive Correct answer.
  4. Infinitive

Explanation

Final (purpose) clauses after primary main verbs take the conjunctions ἵνα, ὅπως, or ὡς with the Subjunctive mood (and negative μή). In secondary sequence, the Optative may be used.

Question 48Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In result (consecutive) clauses introduced by ὥστε, what distinction is indicated by using the Infinitive versus the Indicative?

  1. Infinitive indicates an past action; Indicative indicates a future outcome.
  2. Indicative expresses intended result; Infinitive expresses unintended result.
  3. Indicative is used for negative results; Infinitive is used for positive results.
  4. Infinitive expresses a natural, intended, or potential result; Indicative expresses an actual, historical result that occurred. Correct answer.

Explanation

In consecutive clauses with ὥστε, the Infinitive (with negative μή) expresses a natural, tendency, or intended result, whereas the Indicative (with negative οὐ) states an actual, historical fact that truly resulted.

Question 49Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which mood and conjunction combination introduces a simple, real (logical) condition in present time in Ancient Greek?

  1. εἰ + Present Indicative in protasis, Present Indicative in apodosis Correct answer.
  2. ἐάν + Subjunctive in protasis, Optative in apodosis
  3. εἰ + Optative in protasis, ἄν + Optative in apodosis
  4. εἰ + Past Indicative in protasis, ἄν + Past Indicative in apodosis

Explanation

A simple/logical condition in present time uses εἰ + Present Indicative in the protasis ('if this is true...') and Present Indicative in the apodosis without any modal particle.

Question 50Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

How is a past contrary-to-fact (unreal past) conditional sentence expressed in Classical Greek?

  1. εἰ + Present Indicative in protasis, ἄν + Subjunctive in apodosis
  2. εἰ + Aorist Indicative in protasis, ἄν + Aorist Indicative in apodosis Correct answer.
  3. ἐάν + Optative in protasis, ἄν + Optative in apodosis
  4. εἰ + Subjunctive in protasis, Imperative in apodosis

Explanation

Past contrary-to-fact conditions ('if he had done this, he would have saved us') use εἰ + Aorist Indicative in the protasis and ἄν + Aorist Indicative in the apodosis.