PAU Geography (Castilla-La Mancha) study plan

Identify and sketch the major structural units of Iberia (Meseta, Iberian and Betic cordilleras, depressions, coastal ranges) and place Castilla-La Mancha within them

Explain the geomorphological evolution of the Meseta and its interior basins using the concepts of Hercynian basement, Alpine folding and subsequent erosion and sedimentation

Locate on a blank outline map of Castilla-La Mancha the main relief units: La Mancha plain, Montes de Toledo, Serranía de Cuenca, Alcarria and the eastern mesas

Describe the lithological contrasts (siliceous, limestone and clayey Spain) and connect each to landforms such as páramos, campiñas, badlands and river gorges

Build a personal glossary of 40 relief terms in Spanish with a one-line definition each

Compare the climate controls of the peninsula (latitude, altitude, continentality, Atlantic and Mediterranean influence) and explain how each shapes temperature and rainfall regimes

Distinguish the climate types present in Castilla-La Mancha (Mediterranean continentalised, mountain and semi-arid southeast) and justify each with data

Interpret a climograph and a rainfall-map extract to classify a station and predict its regime

Relate the main water divides and river regimes (Tagus, Guadiana, Júcar, Segura) to precipitation and relief, and describe the role of reservoirs and transfers

Characterise the biogeographical zones of the region and explain how altitude, soil and aridity control vegetation series

Interpret population pyramids and dependency ratios for Spain and for Castilla-La Mancha, explaining the ageing process and its regional variation

Analyse the natural population movement (birth rate, death rate, natural increase) since 1975 and explain the demographic transition stages involved

Map the distribution of population in Castilla-La Mancha and explain the contrast between the metropolitan ring of Madrid, provincial capitals and depopulated rural municipalities

Explain internal and international migration flows and their effect on the region's population growth and structure

Calculate and interpret basic demographic indicators (crude rates, ageing index, migration balance) from supplied data

Classify land use in Spain and in Castilla-La Mancha (arable land, permanent crops, pasture, forest) and explain the regional shares

Describe the main agrarian systems of the region: dryland cereals, vineyards of La Mancha, olive groves, irrigated horticulture and extensive livestock

Explain the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy, irrigation modernisation and water availability on farming systems

Identify and describe the characteristic agrarian landscapes of the region, including the manchego open-field landscape, the vineyard monoculture and irrigated plots

Evaluate the environmental pressures of agriculture (water use, soil erosion, abandonment) and possible responses

Explain industrial location factors and apply them to explain the concentration of industry in Madrid, Catalonia and the Basque Country versus the weaker industrial base of Castilla-La Mancha

Characterise the industrial sectors present in the region (agri-food, aeronautics in Illescas and Albacete, logistics, renewable-energy manufacturing) and their locational logic

Compare the main energy sources in the Spanish mix and explain the growth of wind and solar in Castilla-La Mancha and its territorial effects

Describe the mining and extractive activities of the region and their decline or transformation

Assess regional contrasts in industrial and energy development using employment and output data

Describe the Spanish urban system and rank the Castilla-La Mancha urban network, explaining the weakness of large cities and the role of provincial capitals

Explain the structure of the Spanish transport network (radial motorways, high-speed rail, airports) and evaluate how Castilla-La Mancha is served or bypassed

Characterise the region's tourism resources (heritage cities such as Toledo and Cuenca, rural and nature tourism, wine tourism) and assess their seasonality and impacts

Explain the internal organisation of a city (historic centre, expansion, periphery) using a Spanish case

Interpret urban and transport data to draw conclusions about territorial cohesion

Read and interpret topographic maps at 1:25,000 and 1:50,000, extracting relief, slope, drainage and settlement information

Interpret thematic maps, climographs, population pyramids, sectoral graphs and statistical tables under exam time pressure

Explain what GIS layers, remote sensing and aerial photography contribute to geographical analysis, with a worked example on land-use change

Solve a full past-paper style question on physical geography under timed conditions and self-mark it against the marking criteria

Correct the weak points identified in the self-marking by revisiting the relevant notes

Consolidate the human-geography domains through spaced retrieval: produce summary sheets linking population, rural space, industry and services to territorial organisation

Practise two timed essay questions on human geography and self-assess structure, use of data and terminology

Rehearse the map-and-graph interpretation section with mixed exercises from all domains

Review the glossary and error list, closing remaining gaps

Simulate exam conditions with a complete paper and allocate time according to the real weighting of the sections