Extremadura PAU Design (Diseño) key terms

The ordering of attention through relative scale, contrast, spacing, grouping and placement, assessed against the message and audience rather than a universal reading path.

The shaped area surrounding and separating represented objects; its boundaries and proportions participate in the composition instead of merely filling unused background.

The perceived lightness or darkness of an area, considered separately from hue when checking structure, contrast, modelling and the readability of a design.

The chromatic family used to describe a color, distinguished from its lightness and saturation and interpreted with the selected color model and viewing conditions.

The perceived strength of chromatic color relative to a more neutral appearance, whose effect depends on adjacent colors, lightness and the rendering system.

The ratio of a represented length to its corresponding real or model length, calculated after converting both quantities into the same units.

A relationship among sizes within a form or composition, which can be measured and compared without treating one aesthetic ratio as universally obligatory.

A method of representing spatial relationships on a plane, whose projection assumptions must be stated before comparing apparent dimensions or the behavior of parallel lines.

A parallel-projection representation in which the principal spatial directions have defined projected axes and scale factors, rather than distance-dependent central-perspective convergence.

A projection model with rays through a common viewpoint, causing suitable directions to meet at vanishing points and apparent size to depend on depth.

The material carrying marks or paint, selected with attention to tooth, sizing, strength, moisture response and compatibility with the intended drawing or painting process.

The component that holds pigment particles together and attaches a paint or drawing medium to its support, affecting drying behavior, adhesion and later reactivation.

The extent to which an applied material obscures what lies beneath, depending on formulation, thickness and application rather than solely on a medium name.

The alignment of separate printing layers or components using reference marks or a suitable system, checked before assuming multiple impressions coincide.

A print process in which ink is carried mainly on raised parts of a matrix; the removed regions and image reversal must be understood in context.

A family of print processes in which recessed marks retain ink; plate preparation and transfer differ from the raised-surface principle of relief printing.

An ink-transfer process through open regions of a mesh stencil, distinguished from the recessed lines of intaglio and raised areas of a relief block.

The selection and arrangement of letterforms, styles and text spacing to support information hierarchy, character recognition and continuous reading for a particular use.

An adjustment to the spacing of a particular pair of characters, distinct from changing spacing across an entire selected text range.

An adjustment to spacing across a sequence of characters, evaluated alongside letterforms, text size and line length rather than confused with pair-specific kerning.

The distance between successive text baselines in a layout, checked with line length, type size and content instead of prescribed independently of reading conditions.

An organizing system of columns, rows, margins or modules used to align related content and make deliberate exceptions visible within a coherent composition.

A model used to test a defined design question before final production, whose fidelity should match what is being investigated rather than imply a finished product.

A statement of purpose, audience, constraints and success criteria that supports comparison among alternatives and evaluation of the final proposed design.