I85PREP
⌘ K
La Rioja PAU Greek II study materials
La Rioja PAU Greek II study resources

La Rioja PAU Greek II practice questions

One question at a time. Build your La Rioja PAU Greek II understanding.

First 50 of 190 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In Attic Ancient Greek, what is the accusative singular form of the first-declension alpha pure feminine noun ἡ ἡμέρα (day)?

  1. τῆς ἡμέρας
  2. τὴν ἡμέραν Correct answer.
  3. τῇ ἡμέρᾳ
  4. τῶν ἡμερῶν

Explanation

Alpha pure first-declension feminine nouns (stem ending in ε, ι, or ρ) retain alpha throughout the singular, taking suffix -ν for accusative singular: τὴν ἡμέραν.

Question 2Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the nominative/accusative plural form of the second-declension neuter noun τὸ δῶρον (gift)?

  1. τοῖς δώροις
  2. τῶν δώρων
  3. τὰ δῶρα Correct answer.
  4. τοὺς δώρους

Explanation

Second-declension neuter nouns end in -α in both nominative and accusative plural, taking article τὰ: τὰ δῶρα.

Question 3Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which case and number is represented by the form τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν from the third-declension noun ὁ ἡγεμών, -όνος (leader)?

  1. Dative plural Correct answer.
  2. Genitive plural
  3. Accusative plural
  4. Nominative singular

Explanation

In third-declension nasal stems (-νων/-νος), the dative plural suffix -σι(ν) combines with the stem to produce -οσι(ν), accompanied by dative plural article τοῖς.

Question 4Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the correct genitive singular of the third-declension sigmatic stem neuter noun τὸ γένος (race, origin)?

  1. τοῦ γένους Correct answer.
  2. τῷ γένει
  3. τὰ γένη
  4. τοῖς γένεσιν

Explanation

Neuter sigmatic stems in -ος (stem γυνες-/γενεσ-) drop intervocalic sigma in genitive singular (*γένεσ-ος > γένεος) which contracts in Attic to τοῦ γένους.

Question 5Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the accusative singular masculine form of the demonstrative pronoun οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο (this)?

  1. τούτου
  2. τοῦτον Correct answer.
  3. τούτῳ
  4. τούτους

Explanation

The demonstrative pronoun οὗτος follows second-declension masculine patterns in the singular, giving accusative singular τοῦτον.

Question 6Ancient Greek reading and translation

Translate: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τὸν λόγον ἀκούει.

  1. The man speaks the word
  2. The speech hears the man
  3. The man hears the speech Correct answer.
  4. The man heard the speeches

Explanation

ὁ ἄνθρωπος is nominative (subject), τὸν λόγον accusative (object), and ἀκούει is present: 'the man hears the speech'. Case endings, not word order, determine who does what to whom.

Question 7Ancient Greek reading and translation

Translate: οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἐμάχοντο.

  1. The soldiers were fighting in the plain Correct answer.
  2. The soldiers fight in the sea
  3. The soldier fought on the mountain
  4. The soldiers will fight in the plain

Explanation

οἱ στρατιῶται is plural nominative, ἐμάχοντο is imperfect middle ('were fighting'), and ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ is 'in the plain'. The imperfect describes an ongoing past action.

Question 8Ancient Greek reading and translation

Translate: ὁ Σωκράτης ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ἀπέθανεν.

  1. Socrates died near the Athenians
  2. Socrates was put to death by the Athenians Correct answer.
  3. Socrates spoke on behalf of the Athenians
  4. The Athenians died because of Socrates

Explanation

ὑπό plus genitive with an intransitive verb of dying expresses the agent responsible: 'Socrates died at the hands of the Athenians' - a compressed reference to his execution in 399 BC. ἀποθνῄσκω with ὑπό is the standard idiom for being put to death.

Question 9Ancient Greek reading and translation

Choose the best translation: ὁ παῖς ταχέως τρέχει.

  1. The boy ran slowly
  2. The boys run quickly
  3. The quick boy runs
  4. The boy runs quickly Correct answer.

Explanation

ταχέως is an adverb ('quickly') modifying the verb τρέχει, and ὁ παῖς is singular: 'the boy runs quickly'. An adjective 'quick' modifying παῖς would be ὁ ταχὺς παῖς in attributive position.

Question 10Ancient Greek reading and translation

Translate: μὴ λέγε ταῦτα.

  1. Do not say these things Correct answer.
  2. He is not saying these things
  3. Let him not say these things
  4. Do not hear these things

Explanation

μή plus the present imperative λέγε is a prohibition in the second person: 'do not say these things' (or 'stop saying'). Indicative negation would use οὐ, so οὐ λέγεις means 'you are not saying'.

Question 11Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

Who is the legendary blind poet traditionally credited with composing the epic poems the 'Iliad' and the 'Odyssey'?

  1. Hesiod
  2. Homer Correct answer.
  3. Pindar
  4. Sappho

Explanation

Homer is the epic poet associated with the Iliad (Trojan War) and Odyssey (Odysseus' homecoming).

Question 12Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

Who is known as the 'Father of History' for authoring the 'Histories' (Ἱστορίαι) detailing the Greco-Persian Wars?

  1. Herodotus Correct answer.
  2. Thucydides
  3. Xenophon
  4. Polybius

Explanation

Herodotus of Halicarnassus wrote the Histories on the Persian Wars and cultural customs of the ancient Mediterranean.

Question 13Greek literature, rhetoric and interpretation

What major conflict is recorded by Thucydides in his analytical historical work 'History of the Peloponnesian War'?

  1. The Trojan War between Greeks and Trojans
  2. The War between Athens and Sparta (and their respective leagues) Correct answer.
  3. The Persian invasion of Greece led by Xerxes
  4. The conquests of Alexander the Great

Explanation

Thucydides documented the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) fought between the Delian League (Athens) and Peloponnesian League (Sparta).

Question 14Ancient Greek history, society and reception

In Plato, a definitional question of the form τί ἐστι X; most directly aims at:

  1. An essential definition / ‘what X is’ Correct answer.
  2. A catalogue of accidental examples without essence
  3. A hexameter paraphrase of a Homeric simile
  4. A Roman legal statute citation

Explanation

In Plato, τί ἐστι X; seeks an essential definition-what X is in itself (οὐσία)-rather than a loose list of examples, epic paraphrase, or later Roman law.

Question 15Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the nominative singular feminine form of the irregular adjective μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα (great, large)?

  1. μέγαν
  2. μεγάλη Correct answer.
  3. μεγάλου
  4. μεγάλας

Explanation

The adjective μέγας uses short stem μεγα- for masc/neut nom/acc sing (μέγας, μέγαν, μέγα), but extended stem μεγάλ- with 1st/2nd declension endings for all other forms, giving feminine nominative singular μεγάλη.

Question 16Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Identify the accusative singular form of the third-declension dental stem noun ἡ νύξ, νυκτός (night).

  1. τῆς νυκτός
  2. τὴν νύκτα Correct answer.
  3. τῇ νυκτί
  4. ταῖς νυξί

Explanation

Consonant dental stems (νυκτ-) form accusative singular by adding -α to the stem: τὴν νύκτα.

Question 17Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the nominative plural form of the third-declension vowel stem noun ὁ βασιλεύς (king)?

  1. τοῦ βασιλέως
  2. τῷ βασιλεῖ
  3. οἱ βασιλῆς / βασιλεῖς Correct answer.
  4. τοὺς βασιλέας

Explanation

Stems in -ευς (βασιλευ-) contract -εες in Attic nominative plural into -εῖς (or classical -ῆς): οἱ βασιλεῖς.

Question 18Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Identify the genitive singular form of the third-declension noun ἡ πόλις (city).

  1. τῆς πόλεως Correct answer.
  2. τὴν πόλιν
  3. τῇ πόλει
  4. τὰς πόλεις

Explanation

Iota-stem nouns in -ις (-ις/-εως) show quantitative metathesis in the genitive singular, yielding τῆς πόλεως.

Question 19Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the correct accusative singular of the irregular feminine noun ἡ γυνή (woman)?

  1. τῆς γυναικός
  2. τῇ γυναικί
  3. τὴν γυναῖκα Correct answer.
  4. αἱ γυναῖκες

Explanation

The irregular noun ἡ γυνή uses stem γυναικ- for all oblique cases, forming accusative singular τὴν γυναῖκα.

Question 20Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In Attic Greek, what is the comparative degree form of the adjective σοφός, -ή, -όν (wise)?

  1. σοφώτερος, -α, -ον Correct answer.
  2. σοφώτατος, -η, -ον
  3. σοφώτερον
  4. σοφίζω

Explanation

Since the preceding syllable of σοφός contains a short vowel (ο), the stem vowel lengthens to ω before the comparative suffix -τερος, producing σοφώτερος.

Question 21Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the nominative singular neuter form of the interrogative/indefinite pronoun/adjective τίς, τί (who? what?) when accented as an interrogative?

  1. τίς
  2. τί Correct answer.
  3. τινός
  4. τινί

Explanation

The interrogative pronoun/adjective is accented on the first syllable throughout: nominative/accusative singular neuter is τί.

Question 22Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the genitive singular form of the irregular masculine noun ὁ Ζεύς (Zeus)?

  1. τοῦ Διός Correct answer.
  2. τῷ Διί
  3. τὸν Δία
  4. ὦ Ζεῦ

Explanation

The noun Ζεύς uses the stem Δι- in all oblique cases: genitive singular is τοῦ Διός (or Homeric Ζηνός).

Question 23Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Identify the dative singular form of the third-declension syncopated noun ὁ πατήρ, πατρός (father).

  1. τοῦ πατρός
  2. τῷ πατρί Correct answer.
  3. τὸν πατέρα
  4. ὦ πάτερ

Explanation

Liquid syncopated nouns drop ε in genitive and dative singular, adding dative suffix -ι directly to root: τῷ πατρί.

Question 24Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which of the following represents the irregular comparative and superlative forms of the adjective κακός, -ή, -όν (bad)?

  1. κακώτερος / κακώτατος
  2. χείρων, χεῖρον / χείριστος, -η, -ον Correct answer.
  3. ἀμείνων / ἄριστος
  4. μείζων / μέγιστος

Explanation

The primary suppletive comparative/superlative pair for κακός in Attic is χείρων (worse) and χείριστος (worst) [or ἥττων / ἥκιστα].

Question 25Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In the declension of the intensive/reflexive pronoun αὐτός, αὐτή, αὐτό, what is its meaning when standing in the attributive position (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς ἀνήρ)?

  1. Himself / Herself (intensive pronoun)
  2. The same (man) Correct answer.
  3. Him / Her (direct object personal pronoun)
  4. Other / Different

Explanation

When preceded immediately by the article (attributive position), αὐτός means 'the same' (e.g., ὁ αὐτὸς ἀνήρ = 'the same man').

Question 26Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 3rd person singular present active indicative form of the uncontracted verb λύω (to loosen, unbind)?

  1. λύεις
  2. λύει Correct answer.
  3. λύομεν
  4. λύουσι(ν)

Explanation

Primary active personal endings for -ω verbs in present indicative are -ω, -εις, -ει, -ομεν, -ετε, -ουσι(ν). 3rd person singular is λύει.

Question 27Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 1st person singular imperfect active indicative of λύω?

  1. ἔλυον Correct answer.
  2. ἔλυες
  3. ἔλυε(ν)
  4. ἐλύσαμεν

Explanation

Imperfect tense requires syllabic augment (ἐ-), present verb stem (λυ-), thematic vowel, and secondary active endings (-ν, -ς, -ϵ...): 1st person singular is ἔλυον.

Question 28Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What tense and voice is represented by the form ἔλυσα?

  1. Imperfect active
  2. First (sigmatic) aorist active Correct answer.
  3. Future active
  4. Perfect active

Explanation

Formed with augment ἐ-, tense suffix -σα-, and 1st person singular ending: ἔλυσα is the first (weak/sigmatic) aorist active indicative.

Question 29Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Which form represents the present active infinitive of the contract verb τιμάω (to honor)?

  1. τιμᾶν Correct answer.
  2. τιμάειν
  3. τιμῶν
  4. τιμᾶτε

Explanation

In α-contract verbs, uncontracted *τιμά-ειν contracts α + ει to ᾱν with circumflex accent: τιμᾶν.

Question 30Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 3rd person singular present active indicative form of the -μι verb δίδωμι (to give)?

  1. δίδωσι(ν) Correct answer.
  2. δίδως
  3. δίδομεν
  4. διδόασι(ν)

Explanation

Athematic -μι verbs take primary endings -μι, -ς, -σι(ν) in singular: 3rd person singular is δίδωσι(ν).

Question 31Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Identify the nominative singular masculine present active participle of λύω.

  1. λύων Correct answer.
  2. λύουσα
  3. λῦον
  4. λύσαν

Explanation

The present active participle of -ω verbs declines like 3rd/1st declension (ων, ουσα, ον): masculine nominative singular is λύων.

Question 32Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What temporal augment pattern applies to verbs starting with an initial short vowel, such as ἄγω (to lead) in the imperfect?

  1. Syllabic augment (adds ἐ- before consonant)
  2. Lengthening of initial vowel (α > η, giving ἦγον) Correct answer.
  3. Reduplication of initial consonant
  4. No change occurs

Explanation

Verbs starting with short vowels undergo temporal augment: short alpha lengthens to eta (α > η), giving ἦγον.

Question 33Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the strong (second) aorist active indicative 1st person singular of the verb λαμβάνω (to take, receive)?

  1. ἐλάμβανον
  2. ἔλαβον Correct answer.
  3. λήψομαι
  4. εἴληφα

Explanation

Strong (second) aorists use the bare verbal root (λαβ-) with augment and secondary endings, forming ἔλαβον.

Question 34Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What form is ἐλύθην in the Ancient Greek verbal system?

  1. 1st person singular aorist passive indicative Correct answer.
  2. 1st person singular aorist middle indicative
  3. 1st person singular perfect passive indicative
  4. 1st person singular future passive indicative

Explanation

Passive aorists feature suffix -θη- (or -η- in 2nd passive aorist) and secondary active endings: ἐ-λυ-θη-ν.

Question 35Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What morphological feature characterizes the perfect active tense stem in Ancient Greek (e.g., λέλυκα)?

  1. Syllabic augment alone
  2. Reduplication of initial consonant with vowel ε (e.g., λ-ε-λυ-κα) Correct answer.
  3. Nasal infix
  4. Infinitive ending -ειν

Explanation

Primary feature of the perfect tense is initial reduplication (consonant + ε: λ-ε-λυ-κα) along with tense suffix -κα.

Question 36Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 3rd person singular present active indicative form of the -μι verb τίθημι (to place, put)?

  1. τίθησι(ν) Correct answer.
  2. τίθης
  3. τίθεμεν
  4. τιθέασι(ν)

Explanation

The verb τίθημι forms 3rd person singular present indicative active with long stem vowel and -σι(ν): τίθησι(ν).

Question 37Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Identify the nominative singular masculine aorist active participle of the strong aorist ἔλιπον (verb λείπω, to leave).

  1. λείπων
  2. λιπών Correct answer.
  3. λιποῦσα
  4. λιπόν

Explanation

Strong aorist active participles take present participle declension suffixes on the aorist root (λιπ-) and carry an oxytone accent on the final stem vowel: λιπών.

Question 38Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What mood and form is λύσῃς?

  1. 2nd person singular present active subjunctve
  2. 2nd person singular aorist active subjunctive Correct answer.
  3. 2nd person singular future active indicative
  4. 2nd person singular aorist active optative

Explanation

Subjunctive mood lengthens thematic vowels (ο/ε > ω/η). The sigmatic aorist stem λυσ- + -ῃς gives 2nd person singular aorist active subjunctive λύσῃς.

Question 39Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In liquid/nasal stem verbs (stems ending in λ, μ, ν, ρ like ἀγγέλλω or φαίνω), how is the future active tense formed?

  1. By adding standard -σω (e.g. *ἀγγέλσω)
  2. As a contract future with suffix -έω contracting to -ῶ, -εῖς, -εῖ (e.g. ἀγγελῶ) Correct answer.
  3. By adding tense suffix -κα
  4. By vowel reduplication

Explanation

Liquid/nasal verbs lose sigma in future formation (*ἀγγελ-σε-ω > *ἀγγελ-ε-ω), yielding a contract future ending in -ῶ: ἀγγελῶ.

Question 40Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 3rd person singular present indicative form of the irregular verb εἰμί (to be)?

  1. εἰμί
  2. εἶ
  3. εστί(ν) Correct answer.
  4. ἐσμέν

Explanation

Present indicative of εἰμί: εἰμί, εἶ, ἐστί(ν), ἐσμέν, ἐστέ, εἰσί(ν). 3rd person singular is ἐστί(ν).

Question 41Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 3rd person singular imperfect indicative form of the irregular verb εἰμί (to be)?

  1. ἦν Correct answer.
  2. ἦσθα
  3. ἦμεν
  4. ἦσαν

Explanation

Imperfect indicative of εἰμί: ἦν / ἦ, ἦσθα, ἦν, ἦμεν, ἦτε, ἦσαν. 3rd person singular is ἦν.

Question 42Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

Identify the 2nd person singular present active imperative of λύω.

  1. λῦε Correct answer.
  2. λυέτω
  3. λύετε
  4. λυόντων

Explanation

The 2nd person singular present active imperative takes ending -ε on the present stem: λῦε.

Question 43Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What mood marker characterizes the optative mood in Ancient Greek verbal paradigms?

  1. Lengthened vowels ω/η
  2. Diphthong mood sign containing iota (-οι-, -αι-, -ει-, -ι-) Correct answer.
  3. Reduplication
  4. Augment prefix ἐ-

Explanation

The optative mood is consistently marked morphologically by the insertion of an iota mood sign (-οι-, -αι-, -ει-), as in λύοιμι or λύσαιμι.

Question 44Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the principal aorist active stem of the suppletive verb ὁράω (to see)?

  1. ὄψομαι
  2. εἶδον Correct answer.
  3. ἑώρακα
  4. ὤφθην

Explanation

The verb ὁράω is suppletive: present ὁράω, future ὄψομαι, aorist active εἶδον (root ἰδ- with augment), perfect ἑώρακα, aorist passive ὤφθην.

Question 45Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the 3rd person singular present indicative form of the impersonal verb ἔξεστι (it is allowed, possible)?

  1. ἔξεστι(ν) Correct answer.
  2. ἐξῆν
  3. ἐξέσται
  4. ἐξεῖναι

Explanation

The impersonal verb ἔξεστι (compound of ἐκ + ἐστί) in the present indicative 3rd person singular is ἔξεστι(ν).

Question 46Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What is the perfect active infinitive ending for -ω verbs (e.g., λύω)?

  1. λύειν
  2. λῦσαι
  3. λελυκέναι Correct answer.
  4. λελύσθαι

Explanation

The perfect active infinitive takes suffix -έναι on the reduplicated perfect stem (λελυκ-), always accented on the penult: λελυκέναι.

Question 47Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In Ancient Greek, what is the meaning and grammatical function of the pluperfect tense (e.g., ἐλελύκη)?

  1. Expresses a past action completed prior to another past time ('had loosened') Correct answer.
  2. Expresses an action occurring repeatedly in present time ('loosens')
  3. Expresses a future intention ('will loosen')
  4. Expresses a command

Explanation

The pluperfect combines augment and reduplication to denote a completed state or action prior to a reference point in past time ('had unbound / had loosened').

Question 48Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

In the sentence Ὁ στρατηγὸς πέμπει τοὺς στρατιώτας εἰς τὴν πόλιν, what syntactic function is served by τοὺς στρατιώτας?

  1. Subject (Nominative)
  2. Direct Object (Accusative) Correct answer.
  3. Indirect Object (Dative)
  4. Possessive Modifier (Genitive)

Explanation

тоὺς στρατιώτας is in the accusative case, serving as direct object of the transitive verb πέμπει ('sends').

Question 49Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What syntactic function is performed by a noun in the dative case when used with an instrument, such as τῷ ξίφει in ἔκτεινε τὸν πολέμιον τῷ ξίφει?

  1. Dative of Agent
  2. Dative of Means / Instrument Correct answer.
  3. Dative of Possessor
  4. Dative of Time When

Explanation

The dative case without a preposition often expresses instrument or means ('with/by means of the sword').

Question 50Ancient Greek morphology and syntax

What type of subordinate clause is introduced by the conjunction ἵνα or ὅπως followed by the subjunctive mood?

  1. Causal clause (Clause of Cause)
  2. Final clause (Purpose Clause) Correct answer.
  3. Temporal clause (Time Clause)
  4. Concessive clause

Explanation

Conjunctions ἵνα, ὅπως, or ὡς taking subjunctive (after primary main verb) or optative (after secondary main verb) introduce final (purpose) clauses ('in order that / so that').