EHPLE Medicine - independent clinical foundations cheat sheet
EHPLE Medicine - independent clinical foundations · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Internal medicine: physiology, differential diagnosis and clinical priorities
Integrate chronology, stability, examination and investigations.
Separate chronic disease-modifying therapy from immediate decompensation care.
Use risk scores and laboratory patterns within their defined assumptions.
Do not turn a disease label into an unassessed fixed prescription.
Surgical assessment, trauma and anatomical complications
Distinguish a stable diagnostic workup from urgent instability or source-control concerns.
Painful irreducibility and deterioration raise concern beyond an uncomplicated hernia.
A negative focused trauma ultrasound does not exclude every injury.
Palpable pulses do not rule out compartment syndrome.
Pediatric reasoning: development, illness severity and age-specific assessment
Use age, growth trajectory and more than one developmental domain.
Assess the full dehydration and danger-sign pattern.
A neonatal bilirubin value needs age-in-hours and risk context.
A simple febrile seizure differs from focal, prolonged or recurrent concerning events.
Obstetric and gynecological assessment and clinical priorities
Interpret bleeding using pregnancy stage, stability and the actual differential.
Use dating rules only with their stated cycle and calendar assumptions.
Separate seizure prevention, blood pressure treatment and delivery decisions.
PALM structural causes and COEIN nonstructural causes answer different classification questions.
Neurological and psychiatric clinical reasoning
Localize neurological problems using onset, distribution and associated findings.
Resolved focal symptoms still require appropriate assessment.
Acute fluctuating inattention suggests delirium rather than an automatic dementia label.
A diagnosis or screening score does not itself determine capacity or risk.
Clinical anatomy, physiology, pathology and pharmacological mechanisms
Keep working-myocyte and nodal electrophysiology distinct.
Check acid-base compensation and calculation conventions.
Apply surgical anatomy to the actual neighboring structures.
A drug mechanism is not a complete prescribing decision.
Population health, epidemiology and primary-care continuity
Keep new cases, existing cases and person-time denominators distinct.
Study design limits causal claims.
Fixed test-performance models do not prove invariance in every real population.
Local screening, service and reporting rules require current local evidence.
Communication, uncertainty and professional clinical reasoning
Summarize relevant findings and preserve important uncertainty.
Check understanding and decision-specific capacity rather than treating disagreement as incapacity.
Use structured communication without turning empathy into a script.
Ethical concepts do not establish a foreign jurisdiction’s legal rules.