NGAT flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Analogy relationship

The precise link between the stem pair, such as part-to-whole, cause-effect, function, or degree. State it in one sentence and apply the identical sentence to every option pair.

Antonym item rule

The correct option is opposite in meaning to the stem word and matches its part of speech. Options that are synonyms of the stem or unrelated in meaning are distractors.

Word in context

A vocabulary item where the answer must preserve the logic of the given sentence. Substitute each option into the sentence and keep the one that fits the surrounding meaning.

Odd one out words

A set of words where all but one share a category. Name the category that exactly the majority fit; the outlier must fail that category, not merely feel unusual.

Main idea answer

The option that covers the whole passage rather than a single paragraph. Answers that are factually true but address only one supporting detail are distractors.

Paragraph sentence ordering

Place the topic sentence first, identified by lacking backward-referring pronouns. Then chain remaining sentences using pronouns, connectors such as however or therefore, and repeated key nouns.

Conclusion identification

The conclusion is the claim the premises are meant to support. Restatements of premises and new information from outside the argument are never the conclusion.

Necessary assumption test

Negate each candidate statement. If the argument collapses when that statement is negated, the statement is a necessary assumption; if the argument survives, it is not.

Percent change formula

Percent change equals (new value minus old value) divided by old value, times 100. Successive percentage changes multiply rather than add, so +20% then −20% is a net 4% decrease.

Ratio share formula

Add the ratio terms to get total parts. One share equals its term divided by total parts, multiplied by the total quantity being divided.

Combined work rate

Work rates add when workers act together. Two workers finishing alone in a and b hours complete the job together in ab divided by (a+b) hours.

Average speed equal distances

For two equal distances covered at speeds x and y, average speed is the harmonic mean 2xy/(x+y). The arithmetic mean (x+y)/2 is wrong because more time is spent at the slower speed.

Simple vs compound interest

Simple interest is P times r times t. Compound amount is P times (1+r) raised to t; compound interest is that amount minus the principal.

At least one probability

The probability of at least one occurrence equals 1 minus the probability of none. For independent events, multiply individual probabilities to get the joint probability.

Number series strategy

Check first differences, then ratios between consecutive terms, then second differences. Alternating or paired patterns are common when simple rules fail.

Data sufficiency rule

A statement is sufficient only if it produces exactly one possible value. If two different values satisfy the statement, it is insufficient even if both are easy to compute.

Independent element tracking

In figure series, treat shape, size, shading, position, and count as separate rules. Each attribute may change on its own pattern across the sequence.

Rotation versus reflection

Rotation turns a figure by a fixed angle each step and preserves handedness. A mirror image cannot be produced by rotation alone, so it signals a reflection rule.

Counting rule in figures

Series and matrix items often depend on counting sides, enclosed regions, line intersections, or dots. Find whether the count increases, decreases, or alternates by a constant step.

Figure analogy method

Identify the transformation mapping the first figure to the second, including added or removed parts and their positions. Apply that identical transformation to the third figure.

Alternating figure series

Odd-numbered and even-numbered figures may each follow a separate rule. Compare figures 1, 3, and 5 before concluding that the whole series shares one pattern.

Superposition rules

When figures overlap, lines may add together, cancel where they coincide, or keep only shared lines. Confirm the rule on two pairs before applying it to the answer.

Cube net opposite faces

On a cube net, faces separated by exactly one face in a straight line end up opposite each other. Opposite faces never share an edge after folding.

Cube vertex rule

Exactly three faces meet at every vertex of a cube. No two opposite faces are ever adjacent, which eliminates many folding answer options quickly.

Paper fold unfolding

Unfold one step at a time, reflecting each punched hole across the fold line. Each fold crossed by a hole doubles the number of resulting holes.

Handedness in rotation

Rotation preserves the left-right arrangement of a shape, while reflection reverses it. A rotated shape can never coincide with its mirror image.

Plan and elevation views

The top view shows the footprint, while front and side views show height against width. Hidden lines mark edges not directly visible from that viewing direction.

Block counting rule

Count visible cubes and add hidden support cubes beneath them. A vertical column of height h contains exactly h cubes, including those hidden from view.

Contrapositive rule

From 'if P then Q' only 'if not Q then not P' follows. The converse 'if Q then P' and the inverse 'if not P then not Q' are invalid inferences.

Only if meaning

The phrase 'P only if Q' means P implies Q, making Q a necessary condition. It does not mean Q implies P, which is the common reversal trap.

Some statements

'Some A are B' asserts at least one overlap but does not imply 'some A are not B'. Existence claims require an explicit premise stating that something exists.

Seating puzzle method

Draw the positions and mark fixed constraints first. Treat phrases like 'A sits immediately left of B' as a single block that moves together through the arrangement.