Marking: Package Identification, Bulk Markings, and Special Marks
Marking is the package-level identification domain. The exam tests whether you know what must be printed or affixed to the outside of a package, how bulk packages differ, and which extra marks apply to n.o.s. names, wastes, marine pollutants, and liquids.
Non-bulk package markings
A non-bulk package must normally show the proper shipping name and the UN or NA identification number. The identification number is preceded by "UN" or "NA" and must match the shipping paper. For an n.o.s. proper shipping name, the technical name must appear in parentheses after the name. "RQ" precedes the proper shipping name when the package contains a hazardous substance at or above its reportable quantity; "Waste" precedes the name for waste. Markings must be legible, durable, in English, on a contrasting background, and located on the outside of the package so they are not obscured by labels, tape, or closures. Non-bulk packagings must also carry the UN specification mark that identifies the packaging type and performance level.
Bulk package markings
Bulk packagings carry the identification number on two opposite sides and on each end. The number must be large enough to be seen and must not be hidden by dirt, snow, or fittings. A bulk package that is also placarded still needs the identification number marking.
Liquids and limited quantities
Non-bulk packages containing liquids must have orientation arrows on two opposite vertical sides, pointing upward, unless an exception applies. Limited quantity shipments use the limited quantity mark instead of the full label and placard scheme in many cases.
Worked example
A box is marked "Flammable liquid, n.o.s., UN1993" and contains a waste solvent. The ID number is present, but the marking is incomplete: the proper shipping name is an n.o.s. entry, so the technical name must follow in parentheses, for example "UN1993, Waste Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (Acetone), 3, PG II." "Waste" belongs before the proper shipping name. The driver should also check that orientation arrows are present if the inner packagings contain liquid.
Traps
Do not confuse marking with labeling: the label is the hazard diamond; the marking is the name, ID number, and package code. Do not mark only one side of a bulk package, do not use unauthorized abbreviations, and do not cover markings with tape or labels. Missing technical names on n.o.s. entries and missing orientation arrows are frequent misses.