FP-C flashcards
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- Rocuronium RSI dose
- Rocuronium 1.2 mg/kg IV produces intubating conditions in about 60 to 90 seconds and paralysis lasting roughly 45 to 60 minutes.
- Succinylcholine contraindications
- Avoid succinylcholine in hyperkalemia, burns or crush injury older than 24 to 48 hours, denervation injuries, and known or family history of malignant hyperthermia.
- DOPE mnemonic
- A post-intubation deterioration checklist: Displacement of the tube, Obstruction of the tube, Pneumothorax, and Equipment failure. Each cause is assessed and corrected in sequence.
- Capnography tube confirmation
- Continuous waveform capnography is the gold standard for confirming endotracheal tube placement; a waveform persisting after several breaths confirms tracheal position.
- Shock index
- Shock index is heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure. A value above 0.9 in an adult suggests occult hypoperfusion despite a normal-appearing blood pressure.
- FAST examination windows
- The four FAST views are subxiphoid for pericardial fluid, right upper quadrant for perihepatic fluid, left upper quadrant for perisplenic fluid, and suprapubic for pelvic fluid.
- Glasgow Coma Scale components
- The Glasgow Coma Scale scores eye opening from 1 to 4, verbal response from 1 to 5, and motor response from 1 to 6, with totals ranging from 3 to 15.
- Boyle's law
- At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to pressure, so gas trapped in cavities or cuffs expands as cabin altitude rises.
- Cabin altitude hypoxia
- Most pressurized air medical cabins cruise near 8,000 feet, where alveolar oxygen pressure is lower than at sea level, so hypoxemic patients may need supplemental oxygen.
- Decompression sickness treatment
- Suspected decompression sickness is treated with 100 percent oxygen, descent to a lower altitude, immobilization, and urgent hyperbaric recompression at a receiving facility.
- Needle decompression sites
- Tension pneumothorax is decompressed with a needle at the second intercostal space in the midclavicular line or the fourth to fifth intercostal space in the anterior axillary line.
- Beck's triad
- Hypotension, jugular venous distension, and muffled heart sounds suggest cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis by a subxiphoid approach can serve as a temporizing measure.
- Nitroglycerin contraindications
- Nitroglycerin is withheld in suspected right ventricular infarction, systolic pressure below 90 mmHg, and within 24 to 48 hours of taking a PDE5 inhibitor such as sildenafil.
- Tourniquet placement
- A tourniquet is placed 2 to 3 inches proximal to the wound, never directly over a joint, and tightened until bleeding stops, with the application time recorded.
- Compartment syndrome early signs
- Early compartment syndrome shows pain out of proportion to the injury, pain with passive stretch of the compartment muscles, and paresthesia. Pulselessness is a late, unreliable sign.
- Amputated part preservation
- An amputated part is wrapped in saline-moistened gauze, sealed in a plastic bag, and the bag is placed in ice water; the tissue is never placed directly on ice.
- Uncuffed pediatric tube size
- For children older than one year, the uncuffed endotracheal tube internal diameter in millimeters equals the age in years divided by four, plus four.
- Neonatal compression-ventilation ratio
- During neonatal resuscitation with an advanced airway, rescuers give three compressions for each breath, producing 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute.
- Pediatric defibrillation energy
- The first pediatric defibrillation dose is 2 joules per kilogram, with subsequent shocks at 4 joules per kilogram, not exceeding the adult maximum energy.
- Pediatric hypotension threshold
- For children aged 1 to 10 years, hypotension is a systolic pressure below 70 plus twice the age in years; for term neonates it is below 60 mmHg.
- Cushing's triad
- Hypertension with a widened pulse pressure, bradycardia, and irregular respirations indicate rising intracranial pressure and impending herniation from an expanding mass lesion.
- Status epilepticus first-line
- Benzodiazepines are first line for status epilepticus, such as intramuscular midazolam 0.2 mg/kg or intravenous lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg, followed by a longer-acting anticonvulsant.
- Hyperventilation for herniation
- Brief hyperventilation to a PaCO2 of 30 to 35 mmHg is reserved for active herniation signs because cerebral vasoconstriction temporarily lowers intracranial pressure.
- Sterile cockpit rule
- Nonessential conversation and tasks are avoided during critical flight phases such as taxi, takeoff, approach, and landing so the crew can focus on safety.
- SBAR handoff
- Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation is a structured handoff format that transfers essential clinical information between transport and receiving teams.
- Weight and balance check
- Computing total weight and center of gravity keeps an aircraft within performance limits; exceeding them reduces climb capability, speed, and controllability.
- Push-dose epinephrine concentration
- Adding 1 mL of 1:10,000 epinephrine to 9 mL of saline yields 10 mcg/mL, and 0.5 to 2 mL boluses treat transient hypotension while monitoring for tachycardia.
- Amiodarone pulseless dose
- For pulseless ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, amiodarone 300 mg IV/IO is pushed after the third shock, with a second 150 mg dose considered.
- Naloxone titration goal
- Naloxone is titrated in small doses of 0.04 to 0.4 mg to restore adequate respirations rather than full alertness, limiting withdrawal and agitation.
- Permissive hypotension trauma
- In penetrating trauma without traumatic brain injury, aiming for a systolic pressure of 80 to 90 mmHg limits hemorrhage until surgical control is achieved.
- Post-ROSC targets
- After return of spontaneous circulation, oxygen is titrated to an SpO2 of 94 to 98 percent, PaCO2 kept at 35 to 45 mmHg, and mean arterial pressure at least 65 mmHg.
- H's and T's
- Reversible causes of cardiac arrest: hypovolemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ion, hypo and hyperkalemia, hypothermia, tension pneumothorax, tamponade, toxins, pulmonary thrombosis, and coronary thrombosis.