SST (Other exams) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Pixels per foot (PPF)

A measure of image resolution at a target: the number of camera pixels covering one foot of the scene. Higher PPF enables identification; industry guidance suggests ≥125 PPF for identification, ≥62 for recognition, ≥25 for observation.

PoE 802.3at

Power over Ethernet Plus standard delivering up to 30 W at the power sourcing equipment and 25.5 W at the powered device, used for PTZ cameras, heaters, and access control readers.

Dual-technology sensor

An intrusion detector combining passive infrared and microwave technologies; both must detect an event to trigger an alarm, reducing false alarms from heat sources or moving objects.

ONVIF Profile S

An interoperability specification for IP video streaming that allows cameras and video management systems from different manufacturers to communicate for live viewing, recording, and PTZ control.

Photoelectric smoke detector

A fire detector that uses a light source and sensor to detect smoke particles scattering light; responds faster to smoldering fires than ionization detectors and is common in commercial spaces.

Fail-safe lock

A locking device that unlocks when power is removed, allowing free egress during fire or power failure; required for life safety egress doors and often used with maglocks.

Anti-passback

An access control feature that prevents a credential from being used to enter twice without an intervening exit, reducing credential sharing and tailgating; can be soft (log only) or hard (deny access).

OSDP protocol

Open Supervised Device Protocol, a bidirectional encrypted communication standard between access control readers and controllers, replacing Wiegand for secure credential transmission and reader tamper detection.

Request-to-exit (REX)

A sensor or button that signals an access control system to unlock a door for egress without a credential; required by life safety codes to allow free egress.

ASTM F2656

A standard test method for vehicle crash barriers and bollards, assigning M, K, and P ratings based on vehicle type, speed, and penetration distance; used to specify perimeter anti-ram protection.

Mantrap (interlock)

A small room with two interlocked doors where only one door can open at a time, preventing tailgating and providing a controlled transition between security zones.

Wiegand 26-bit format

A legacy access control credential format using 26 bits: 8-bit facility code, 16-bit card number, and 2 parity bits; limited population and unencrypted, now often replaced by OSDP.

Chain of custody

A documented record of who handled evidence, when, and for what purpose, ensuring integrity from collection through presentation; critical for video, physical, and digital evidence in investigations.

NIST SP 800-61

A widely used incident response framework with four phases: preparation; detection and analysis; containment, eradication, and recovery; and post-incident activity.

SIA CP-01

A control panel standard for false alarm reduction in intrusion systems, specifying features such as exit time delays, entry delays, and alarm confirmation to reduce unnecessary dispatches.

Video verification

The use of live or recorded video to confirm whether an alarm represents a real incident before dispatching police, reducing false alarm dispatches and improving response prioritization.

Incident Command System

A standardized emergency management structure with Incident Commander, Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/Administration sections, used to coordinate response across agencies and private security.

Annualized loss expectancy (ALE)

A quantitative risk metric: ALE = Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) × Annualized Rate of Occurrence (ARO); used to justify security controls by comparing cost to expected loss reduction.

CPTED

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: a set of principles including natural surveillance, natural access control, territorial reinforcement, and maintenance to reduce crime and fear.

Recovery time objective (RTO)

The maximum acceptable time to restore a critical function after disruption; determined in a business impact analysis and drives continuity and backup planning.

Risk matrix

A semi-quantitative tool plotting likelihood against impact (often 5x5) to prioritize risks; each cell maps to a risk level such as low, medium, high, or critical.

Defense in depth

A layered security strategy using multiple controls (perimeter, building envelope, interior, asset) so that failure of one layer does not compromise the asset.

Residual risk

The risk remaining after controls have been applied; management formally accepts residual risk, transfers it (insurance), or applies further mitigation.

RAID 5

A storage configuration using striping with distributed parity across at least three drives; tolerates one drive failure without data loss but has slower write performance than RAID 10.

ONVIF Profile T

An ONVIF specification for advanced video streaming including H.265 compression, analytics metadata, and bidirectional audio, used for modern IP camera integration.

Firmware baseline

A documented, approved version of device firmware recorded during commissioning; used to detect unauthorized changes and to plan controlled updates.

UPS runtime formula

Battery watt-hours needed = load (W) × runtime (h) ÷ inverter efficiency (typically 0.85–0.9); add 20–25% headroom and test batteries under load annually.

VLAN segmentation

Logical network separation that isolates security devices such as cameras and access controllers from corporate traffic, reducing attack surface and broadcast traffic.

NFPA 101 delayed egress

A life safety code provision allowing egress doors to remain locked for up to 15 or 30 seconds after a request, with automatic release on fire alarm and signage explaining operation.

ADA door opening force

Accessibility standard limiting interior hinged door opening force to 5 pounds-force maximum (8.5 lbf for exterior), with hardware operable with one hand without tight grasping or twisting.

GDPR video surveillance

EU privacy regulation requiring a lawful basis, data minimization, retention limits, signage, and data subject rights for video surveillance; applies to organizations processing EU residents' data.

ASIS International Code of Ethics

A professional code requiring honesty, confidentiality, conflict-of-interest disclosure, legal compliance, and avoidance of unauthorized access to information; violations may lead to disciplinary action.