FTCE Music K-12 flashcards
FTCE Music K-12 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Harmonic minor scale
- A natural minor scale with scale degree 7 raised a half step, creating a leading tone and a major dominant triad, which strengthens cadences in common-practice harmony.
- Circle of fifths order
- Sharps appear in the order F, C, G, D, A, E, B; flats appear reversed. Each step clockwise adds one sharp and moves up a perfect fifth.
- Deceptive cadence
- A cadence in which the expected tonic resolution of V is replaced by vi (or another substitute), delaying closure and creating harmonic surprise.
- Sonata form sections
- Exposition presenting themes in tonic and contrasting key, development fragmenting and modulating material, and recapitulation returning themes in the tonic, often followed by a coda.
- Compound meter
- A meter in which each beat divides into three equal parts, such as 6/8, 9/8, and 12/8. The top number is a multiple of three greater than three.
- Baroque period traits
- Approximately 1600 to 1750: basso continuo, terraced dynamics, ornamentation, and imitative forms such as fugue, concerto grosso, and da capo aria.
- Twelve-bar blues progression
- A twelve-measure harmonic pattern using I, IV, and V chords in a fixed order, typically I-I-I-I-IV-IV-I-I-V-IV-I-I, foundational to jazz and popular styles.
- Diminished triad intervals
- A triad built of a minor third plus a diminished fifth above the root, written with a lowercase letter and a degree sign in Roman numeral analysis.
- Preparatory beat
- The gesture immediately before an entrance that establishes tempo, dynamics, and articulation, reflecting the character of the music that follows.
- Ictus and rebound
- The ictus is the rhythmic point of the conducting gesture; the rebound is the motion away from it that prepares the following beat.
- Four-four conducting pattern
- The standard pattern is down, in toward the body, out, then up, with the downbeat lowest and the final beat rising to prepare the next measure.
- B-flat instrument transposition
- A B-flat instrument sounds a major second below its written pitch, so a written C sounds as B-flat concert and written parts must be transposed up a major second.
- French horn transposition
- The horn in F sounds a perfect fifth below written pitch, so written C4 sounds as F3 concert and parts must be transposed up a perfect fifth.
- Left hand conducting functions
- The left hand is independent of the pattern and is used for cues, cutoffs, dynamic shaping, and expressive emphasis while the right hand maintains tempo.
- Vocal range categories
- Typical ranges: soprano C4 to A5, alto F3 to F5, tenor C3 to A4, and bass E2 to E4, though individual voices vary widely.
- Changing adolescent voice
- During puberty the larynx enlarges and vocal range and pitch control become unstable; parts should be transposed and tessitura kept modest during this period.
- Orff-Schulwerk sequence
- Instruction proceeds from speech and singing through movement to barred instruments, using ostinato, bordun, and pentatonic scales that permit successful improvisation.
- Kodaly method elements
- Movable-do solfege with Curwen hand signs, rhythm syllables such as ta and ti-ti, and a pentatonic-to-diatonic sequence built on the students' folk repertoire.
- Dalcroze eurhythmics
- An approach teaching rhythm, phrasing, and expression through bodily movement, paired with solfege training for inner hearing and improvisation activities.
- Gordon audiation
- The ability to hear and comprehend music in the mind when no sound is present; it is the foundation of Gordon's Music Learning Theory skill sequence.
- Bloom's revised taxonomy
- A hierarchy of cognitive processes ordered remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create, used to write objectives at appropriate levels.
- Formative versus summative assessment
- Formative assessment occurs during instruction to guide adjustments; summative assessment occurs after instruction to measure achievement against standards.
- Accommodation versus modification
- An accommodation changes how a student demonstrates learning without altering expectations; a modification changes the expectation or content itself.
- Pentatonic improvisation advantage
- A five-note scale without half steps or tritones, so any combination of its pitches sounds consonant, making it useful for beginning improvisation.
- Measurable lesson objective
- A statement naming an observable behavior, the conditions of performance, and a criterion, such as performing a scale with correct fingerings at eighty percent accuracy.
- Analytic versus holistic rubric
- An analytic rubric scores separate criteria independently, giving detailed feedback; a holistic rubric assigns one overall score based on the total performance.
- FERPA confidentiality
- A federal law protecting education records, requiring that student grades and records not be disclosed to unauthorized persons without consent.
- IDEA least restrictive environment
- Special education law requiring a free appropriate public education in the setting most like general education that meets the student's needs, with IEP goals and services.
- Section 504 accommodations
- A civil rights provision requiring accommodations for students with disabilities who do not need specialized instruction, such as extended time or preferential seating.
- Ensemble transition routine
- A rehearsed procedure for moving between activities, such as instrument setup or sectionals, kept brief to preserve engaged rehearsal time.
- Copyright in music education
- Copying or arranging copyrighted music generally requires permission or a statutory exemption such as fair use or compulsory licensing for recordings.
- Conducting cue preparation
- Eye contact and a preparatory gesture on the beat before the entrance, with the cue landing on the entrance beat to signal the performer.