FTCE Professional Education Test flashcards
FTCE Professional Education Test · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Bloom's Taxonomy Order
- The revised taxonomy orders cognitive processes from Remember and Understand through Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, and Create, with each level demanding increasingly complex thinking than the one before it.
- Backward Design
- A planning approach that begins with desired learning results, then identifies acceptable evidence of learning, and only then designs the instructional experiences and activities.
- Wait Time
- A pause of roughly three to five seconds after asking a question or after a student responds, which tends to increase response length and participation.
- Differentiation
- Adjusting content, process, product, or environment based on student readiness, interest, and learning profile so that each student can access the same essential objective.
- Withitness
- A teacher's demonstrated awareness of what is happening throughout the classroom and prompt response to off-task behavior before it spreads.
- Positive Behavior Supports
- A three-tier framework with universal supports for all students, targeted supports for some, and intensive individualized supports for a few.
- Behavior-Specific Praise
- Praise that names the exact behavior observed and is delivered close in time to the behavior, making the reinforcement clear and repeatable.
- Extinction
- Withdrawing the reinforcement that maintains a behavior; the behavior often temporarily increases before it gradually declines.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's term for the range between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do with guidance from a more capable other.
- Scaffolding
- Temporary instructional support that is gradually withdrawn as the learner gains competence, allowing the student to take over more of the task.
- Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage
- Roughly ages seven to eleven, when children reason logically about concrete objects and events and can understand conservation, but struggle with abstract hypothetical reasoning.
- Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation
- Intrinsic motivation comes from interest and satisfaction in the activity itself; extrinsic motivation comes from external rewards, grades, or consequences.
- Accommodation Versus Modification
- An accommodation changes how a student accesses content without changing expectations; a modification changes the content or performance expectation itself.
- Validity
- The degree to which an assessment measures what it claims to measure and supports the intended inferences about student learning.
- Reliability
- The consistency of assessment scores across occasions, forms, or scorers; it is necessary but not sufficient for validity.
- Formative Assessment
- Assessment conducted during instruction to reveal current understanding and guide immediate instructional adjustments rather than to assign a final grade.
- Percentile Rank
- The percentage of students in the norm group who scored at or below a given score; it does not equal the percentage of items answered correctly.
- Table of Specifications
- A test blueprint that specifies how many items address each objective and cognitive level, supporting alignment and content validity.
- FERPA
- A federal law protecting the privacy of student education records, generally giving parents the right to inspect records and limiting disclosure to those with legitimate educational interest.
- IDEA
- A federal law guaranteeing students with disabilities a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment, with an individualized education program.
- Least Restrictive Environment
- The IDEA requirement that students with disabilities be educated alongside peers without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate.
- Tinker v. Des Moines
- The case establishing that students retain First Amendment expression rights at school unless the expression substantially disrupts school operations or infringes on others' rights.
- Section 504
- A federal civil rights law prohibiting discrimination based on disability in programs receiving federal funds, often addressed through accommodation plans.
- Mandated Reporting
- A legal duty for educators to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated authorities, typically within a specified time frame set by state law.
- Gradual Release of Responsibility
- An instructional sequence moving from teacher modeling to guided practice with feedback to independent student practice of the same skill.
- Cooperative Learning
- Structured small-group work requiring positive interdependence and individual accountability so that each member contributes to the group's learning goal.
- Functional Behavior Assessment
- A process identifying the antecedents, behavior, and consequences that maintain a behavior, used to design an effective behavior intervention plan.
- Restorative Practices
- Approaches that respond to misbehavior by repairing harm and restoring relationships, often through dialogue, rather than relying solely on punitive consequences.
- Operant Conditioning
- A learning principle in which behavior is shaped by its consequences: reinforcement increases behavior and punishment decreases it, with positive and negative referring to adding or removing stimuli.
- Metacognition
- Awareness and regulation of one's own thinking, including planning an approach, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating the outcome of learning.
- BICS and CALP
- BICS are conversational language skills developed in roughly one to three years; CALP are academic language skills that typically take five to seven years to develop.
- Authentic Assessment
- An assessment requiring students to apply knowledge and skills to real-world tasks or performances rather than only recalling facts on a selected-response test.