GA Cosmetology flashcards
GA Cosmetology · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Cocci bacteria shape
- Cocci are round-shaped bacteria that can cause infections such as strep and staph; they appear as spherical cells under a microscope.
- Sterilization versus disinfection
- Sterilization destroys all microbial life including bacterial spores, while disinfection kills most pathogens on nonporous surfaces but not spores.
- pH scale for hair
- The pH scale runs from 0 to 14; hair and skin are acidic near pH 4.5–5.5, and alkaline products swell the cuticle and raise pH.
- Hair cuticle function
- The cuticle is the tough outer layer of the hair shaft; it protects the cortex and controls porosity, and damage makes hair feel rough and absorb moisture unevenly.
- Tuberculocidal disinfectant use
- An EPA-registered hospital disinfectant with a tuberculocidal claim is required for implements contaminated with blood or body fluids because it kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- Hair elasticity test
- Wet a strand and stretch it; healthy hair stretches about 50 percent and returns to its original length, while brittle hair breaks or stays stretched.
- Developer volume and lift
- Developer volume indicates hydrogen peroxide strength: 10 volume is 3 percent, 20 volume is 6 percent, 30 volume is 9 percent, and 40 volume is 12 percent.
- Sodium hydroxide relaxer
- Sodium hydroxide is a lye relaxer with a high pH near 13; it breaks disulfide bonds and requires thorough neutralization to lower pH and stop processing.
- Hair porosity types
- Low porosity has a tight cuticle that resists moisture, while high porosity has an open cuticle that absorbs quickly but loses moisture and breaks easily.
- Blunt haircut elevation
- A blunt cut is created with zero elevation and a straight cutting line, producing a solid form with weight at the perimeter.
- Nail matrix function
- The nail matrix is the tissue at the base of the nail that produces new nail plate cells; injury to the matrix can cause ridges or permanent nail damage.
- Nail growth rate
- Fingernails grow about one-eighth inch per month, faster than toenails; growth slows in winter and with poor circulation or illness.
- Squoval nail shape
- A squoval nail shape combines a square free edge with rounded corners, reducing snagging while keeping a broad, strong nail shape.
- Monomer and polymer
- Acrylic nails form when liquid monomer mixes with polymer powder; the mixture hardens into a sculpted nail, and primer improves adhesion to the natural nail.
- Pedicure toenail cutting
- Toenails should be cut straight across and slightly rounded at the corners to reduce the risk of ingrown toenails, especially on the big toe.
- Fitzpatrick skin types
- The Fitzpatrick scale classifies skin from type I (very fair, burns easily) to type VI (deeply pigmented, rarely burns) based on response to sun exposure.
- Effleurage massage movement
- Effleurage is a gliding, stroking massage movement applied with light to medium pressure; it begins and ends most facial massages and aids product absorption.
- Chemical exfoliant examples
- Alpha hydroxy acids such as glycolic and lactic acid loosen dead surface cells, while beta hydroxy acid (salicylic acid) penetrates pores and suits oily skin.
- Waxing hair length rule
- Hair must be about one-quarter inch long for waxing to grip it; hair is removed in the direction of growth, and a patch test checks for reaction.
- Profit calculation
- Profit equals total revenue minus total expenses; revenue is the price of services and retail sold, while expenses include rent, supplies, payroll, and taxes.
- Cost of goods percentage
- Cost of goods sold percentage equals product cost divided by service revenue, multiplied by 100; a common target for salons is about 10 percent.
- Commission pay system
- In a commission system, the stylist earns a percentage of service or retail revenue; the salon keeps the remainder to cover rent, supplies, and overhead.
- Booth rental arrangement
- Under booth rental, a stylist pays a fixed weekly or monthly fee to use salon space and equipment, and the stylist keeps all service and retail income.
- OSHA bloodborne pathogens
- OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard requires an exposure control plan, gloves and other PPE, hepatitis B vaccination offers, and proper disposal of contaminated sharps.
- Safety Data Sheet purpose
- A Safety Data Sheet provides handling, storage, first-aid, and hazard information for a chemical product; it must be accessible to employees who use the product.
- FIFO inventory rule
- First in, first out means older stock is used before newer stock, reducing waste and ensuring products do not expire on the shelf.
- Salon inspection readiness
- A salon inspection checks license posting, sanitation, disinfection procedures, and chemical storage; records and logs should be current and available for review.
- Georgia cosmetology board
- The Georgia Board of Cosmetology and Barbers, under the Secretary of State, regulates cosmetology licenses and salon sanitation under O.C.G.A. Title 43, Chapter 10.
- Georgia license posting rule
- Georgia requires the salon license and individual practitioner licenses to be displayed in the salon where clients can see them during business hours.
- Georgia scope of practice
- A Georgia licensee may perform only the services authorized by the license held; performing services outside that scope can lead to discipline or license revocation.
- Georgia disinfection rule
- Georgia salons must clean implements before disinfecting them in an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant after each client, and single-use items must be discarded.
- Georgia cosmetology training hours
- Georgia requires 1,500 training hours for a cosmetologist license; esthetician and nail technician programs require fewer hours under board rules.