GACE Special Education General Curriculum/Elementary Education (703) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

FAPE

Free appropriate public education: special education and related services provided at public expense, under public supervision, meeting state standards, and conforming to the student's IEP.

Least restrictive environment

The requirement that students with disabilities be educated with nondisabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate, with removal only when supplementary aids and services cannot achieve satisfactory progress.

Manifestation determination

A review, required within 10 school days of a disciplinary change of placement, deciding whether the behavior was caused by or substantially related to the student's disability.

Child find

The IDEA obligation of states and districts to identify, locate, and evaluate all children with suspected disabilities who need special education, regardless of school setting.

Prior written notice

Written notice to parents before the school proposes or refuses to initiate or change identification, evaluation, placement, or the provision of FAPE.

Standard error of measurement

An index of score inconsistency used to build confidence intervals around an obtained score; a smaller SEM indicates more precise measurement.

Curriculum-based measurement

Brief, standardized, repeated probes of basic skills used to screen students and monitor progress toward goals, often scored as correct responses per minute.

Dynamic assessment

An interactive evaluation that tests, teaches a strategy, and retests to estimate learning potential, reducing bias for culturally and linguistically diverse students.

Formative assessment

Ongoing, low-stakes checks during instruction that reveal student understanding and guide immediate instructional adjustments.

Test validity

The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measure and supports the specific inferences and decisions for which it is used.

PLAAFP

Present levels of academic achievement and functional performance: the IEP section describing current skills, based on data, and how the disability affects progress in the general curriculum.

Measurable annual goal

An IEP goal stating a target skill, the conditions under which it is performed, and criteria for mastery, with a baseline for monitoring progress.

Transition services

A coordinated set of activities, beginning by age 16, designed to move the student from school to postsecondary education, employment, and independent living.

Specially designed instruction

Adapting the content, methodology, or delivery of instruction to address a student's unique needs and ensure access to the general curriculum.

Related services

Supportive services such as speech therapy, occupational therapy, counseling, and transportation required to help a student benefit from special education.

Explicit instruction

A structured teaching sequence of modeling, guided practice with feedback, and independent practice, with clear objectives and frequent checks for understanding.

Scaffolding

Temporary supports such as prompts, models, and organizers that are gradually removed as the student gains competence and independence.

Universal Design for Learning

A framework providing multiple means of representation, engagement, and action and expression so all students can access content and demonstrate learning.

Peer-mediated instruction

Arrangements such as peer tutoring and cooperative learning in which students teach or support one another under teacher structuring and monitoring.

Mnemonics

Memory aids such as acronyms, acrostics, and the keyword method that link new information to familiar cues to improve recall.

Functional behavioral assessment

A process of gathering data through observation and interviews to identify the antecedents, consequences, and function maintaining a student's challenging behavior.

Positive reinforcement

Adding a desirable consequence after a behavior, which increases the likelihood that the behavior will recur.

Extinction burst

A temporary increase in the frequency or intensity of a behavior when the reinforcer maintaining it is first withheld.

Token economy

A system in which tokens earned for target behaviors are exchanged for backup reinforcers, with clear rules and gradual fading.

ABC recording

Anecdotal data collection that records the antecedent, the observable behavior, and the consequence to reveal patterns and possible behavioral function.

Phonemic awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual phonemes in spoken words, such as blending, segmenting, and deleting sounds.

Alphabetic principle

The understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language, the foundation of decoding.

Simple view of reading

The model stating that reading comprehension equals decoding ability multiplied by language comprehension, so both must be developed.

CRA sequence

Concrete-representational-abstract instruction: students use manipulatives, then drawings, then symbols and procedures to build mathematical understanding.

Dyscalculia

A specific learning disability affecting number sense, fact retrieval, calculation, and mathematical reasoning, identified through multiple assessments.

Inquiry-based science

Instruction in which students ask questions, plan and conduct investigations, analyze data, and construct evidence-based explanations.

Primary sources

Original materials such as letters, photographs, artifacts, and documents created during the period studied, used to build historical thinking.