GACE Health and Physical Education (737) flashcards

37 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Primary prevention

Interventions applied before disease or injury occurs, such as immunization, fluoridation, safety education, and health promotion, aimed at reducing incidence in a susceptible population.

Herd immunity threshold

The proportion of a population that must be immune to interrupt transmission, calculated as 1 minus 1 divided by the basic reproduction number R0.

Chain of infection

Six linked elements: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Breaking any link prevents transmission.

Sensitivity versus specificity

Sensitivity is the proportion of people with disease correctly identified as positive; specificity is the proportion without disease correctly identified as negative.

Energy value of macronutrients

Carbohydrate and protein each supply 4 kilocalories per gram, fat supplies 9, and alcohol supplies 7. These values drive calorie calculations and diet analysis.

FITT principle

A framework for exercise prescription specifying Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type; the acronym is expanded to FITT-VP with Volume and Progression for aerobic training.

Body mass index

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Adult categories are underweight below 18.5, normal 18.5 to 24.9, overweight 25 to 29.9, obese 30 and above.

Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges

Recommended calorie ranges: carbohydrate 45 to 65 percent, fat 20 to 35 percent, and protein 10 to 35 percent, intended to reduce chronic disease risk while meeting nutrient needs.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A five-level model ordered physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Lower needs generally must be satisfied before higher needs motivate behavior.

General adaptation syndrome

Selye's three-stage response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Prolonged activation elevates cortisol and impairs immune, cognitive, and cardiovascular function.

Resilience protective factors

Conditions that buffer risk, including a caring adult relationship, self-efficacy, problem-solving skill, school connectedness, and a sense of purpose or meaning.

Depression warning signs

Persistent sad or irritable mood, lost interest, sleep and appetite change, fatigue, poor concentration, and worthlessness lasting two weeks or more in a student.

I-statement format

A conflict-reducing message structured as: I feel (emotion) when (specific behavior) because (impact), followed by a request. It avoids blame and personal attack.

Authoritative parenting style

High warmth combined with high, clearly communicated expectations and reasoning. Research links it to the most favorable social, academic, and behavioral outcomes in children.

Mandated reporter

A professional legally required to report suspected child abuse or neglect to designated authorities. In the United States, teachers and school staff are mandated reporters.

Assertive refusal skills

A sequence for declining pressure: give a clear no, maintain eye contact, offer a reason or alternative, and exit or repeat the refusal if pressure continues.

Standard drink definition

Twelve ounces of regular beer at about 5 percent alcohol, 5 ounces of wine at 12 percent, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits at 40 percent.

Binge drinking thresholds

For men, five or more drinks in about two hours; for women, four or more. These patterns raise risk of injury, violence, and alcohol poisoning.

Blood alcohol concentration

The percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream, rising with drinks consumed, speed of drinking, lower body weight, and empty stomach. Only time reduces it.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

A range of lifelong physical, cognitive, and behavioral effects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. They are the leading preventable cause of intellectual disability.

Adult CPR compression standard

Compress the chest at 100 to 120 per minute to a depth of at least 2 inches, allow full recoil, and use a 30-to-2 compression-to-ventilation ratio.

Concussion return protocol

Remove the athlete from play immediately with no same-day return. Return-to-learn is completed before a graduated return-to-sport progression with medical clearance.

RICE protocol

Rest, ice, compression, and elevation for acute musculoskeletal injury. Ice is applied about 20 minutes at a time; heat and massage are avoided initially.

Heat stroke signs

Core temperature above 104 degrees Fahrenheit with confusion, hot skin, and possible collapse. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate cooling and EMS activation.

Cephalocaudal development

The principle that motor control and physical growth proceed from head to toe, so head and trunk control emerge before crawling and walking in infants.

Fitts and Posner stages

Three phases of motor learning: cognitive, where errors are frequent and instruction is needed; associative, where performance refines; and autonomous, where skill is automatic.

Knowledge of results versus performance

Knowledge of results describes outcome information such as distance or accuracy; knowledge of performance describes movement form, such as arm position during a throw.

Open versus closed skill

Open skills occur in unpredictable, changing environments and require adaptation, as in soccer. Closed skills occur in stable, predictable settings, as in a free throw.

Third-class lever

A lever with the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. Most human limbs operate this way, as in a biceps curl, trading force advantage for speed and range.

Overload principle

Training adaptations occur only when the body is stressed beyond its accustomed level. Load must be progressively increased as fitness improves.

Karvonen target heart rate

Target heart rate equals maximum heart rate minus resting heart rate, multiplied by the desired intensity percentage, plus resting heart rate.

Backward design

A planning sequence that begins with desired results, then identifies acceptable evidence of learning, and only then designs learning experiences and instruction.

Formative versus summative assessment

Formative assessment occurs during instruction to guide teaching and feedback; summative assessment occurs at the end to judge achievement against standards.

STEP differentiation model

A method for modifying physical education tasks by changing Space, Task, Equipment, or People to include learners of varying skill levels and needs.

SMART objectives

Program objectives that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, providing a basis for planning and later evaluation of outcomes.

Logic model

A planning diagram linking inputs and resources to activities, outputs, and short- and long-term outcomes, used to design and evaluate health programs.

Whole School Whole Community Whole Child

A coordinated framework aligning health education, physical education, nutrition, health services, counseling, safe environment, family engagement, and staff wellness around student success.