Air Law
Air Law is the rulebook paper: it tests whether you know which document governs a given situation, what the limits of your licence and medical are, who is in command, and what must be reported after an occurrence.
Where Ghana's rules come from
Ghana is a signatory to the 1944 Chicago Convention. ICAO writes Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) in 19 Annexes, but those Annexes are not directly enforceable on you - they become law when a state adopts them. Ghana does this through the Civil Aviation Act, 2004 (Act 678) and the Ghana Civil Aviation Regulations (GCAR) issued by the Ghana Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA). If a question says "under the Regulations", answer from the GCAR; if it says "under ICAO", answer from the Annex. Useful mapping: Annex 1 Licensing, Annex 2 Rules of the Air, Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft, Annex 8 Airworthiness, Annex 12 Search and Rescue.
Licence, medical and currency
A CPL is valid only with the ratings endorsed on it and a current Class 1 medical. Under the ICAO Annex 1 pattern the Class 1 validity is 12 months, reduced to 6 months for pilots who have reached 40 and fly single-pilot commercial air transport carrying passengers. Recent experience for carrying passengers is three take-offs and three landings within the preceding 90 days, in the same type or class.
Command and documents
Under Annex 2 the PIC has final authority over the aircraft and may deviate from the rules in an emergency, but must report the deviation. International flights carry the certificate of registration, certificate of airworthiness, crew licences, journey log and, where applicable, the radio licence and passenger manifest.
Worked example
A pilot's Class 1 medical is issued on 1 February and they plan single-pilot passenger-carrying commercial flights on 15 October. Reasoning: if the pilot is under 40, the certificate runs 12 months, to 31 January next year, so 15 October is fine. If the pilot has already reached 40, validity drops to 6 months, expiring at the end of July, so a renewal is needed. The date of issue plus the age rule decides it - not the date of the flight alone.
Traps that cost marks
Assuming ICAO Annexes apply directly to a Ghanaian operator; confusing Act 678 with the GCARs; believing PIC emergency authority excuses carelessness; forgetting the 90-day rule counts take-offs and landings rather than hours; and mis-mapping Annex numbers.