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Ghana GES Deputy Director Promotion - independent educational foundations study materials
Ghana GES Deputy Director Promotion - independent educational foundations study resources

Ghana GES Deputy Director Promotion - independent educational foundations practice questions

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Question 1Curriculum, instructional design and meaningful learning

Ghana's standard-based curriculum (SBC) shifts focus from memorization to core competencies. Which of the following is a core competency emphasized in the SBC?

  1. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Correct answer.
  2. Rote Memorization of facts
  3. Traditional Lecture Methods
  4. Individual competitive examination preparation

Explanation

The standard-based curriculum (SBC) focuses on preparing learners for the 21st century by developing core competencies: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving, Creativity and Innovation, Communication and Collaboration, Cultural Identity, Digital Literacy, and Leadership. This contrasts with memorization.

Question 2Curriculum, instructional design and meaningful learning

Under Bloom's Revised Taxonomy of educational objectives, which cognitive process represents the highest level of thinking?

  1. Creating Correct answer.
  2. Evaluating
  3. Analyzing
  4. Applying

Explanation

In Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, the levels are: Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating (highest). Creating involves putting elements together to form a functional whole.

Question 3Curriculum, instructional design and meaningful learning

As an instructional leader, how should a school head monitor and improve 'Time-on-Task' in classrooms?

  1. By conducting regular walkthroughs, minimizing class interruptions, and supporting teachers with pacing strategies. Correct answer.
  2. By installing CCTV cameras and penalizing teachers for every minute they are not talking.
  3. By extending the school day by two hours.
  4. By reducing the time allocated for student group activities.

Explanation

Time-on-task is the time students are actively engaged in learning. Leaders improve this by reducing administrative interruptions, performing walkthroughs, and supporting teacher planning.

Question 4Curriculum, instructional design and meaningful learning

What is the distinction between 'horizontal alignment' and 'vertical alignment' in curriculum management?

  1. Horizontal alignment ensures consistency across different classes at the same grade level, while Vertical alignment ensures logical progression across different grade levels. Correct answer.
  2. Horizontal alignment refers to classroom layout, while Vertical alignment refers to school building design.
  3. Horizontal alignment is for basic schools, while Vertical alignment is for senior high schools.
  4. Horizontal alignment links subjects, while Vertical alignment links schools to the ministry.

Explanation

Horizontal alignment ensures that all JHS 1 classes follow the same standards. Vertical alignment ensures that learning flows logically from JHS 1 to JHS 2 and JHS 3.

Question 5Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

In managing conflicts within a school, a leader who uses the 'Collaborating' style of conflict resolution aims to:

  1. Find a win-win solution that fully satisfies the concerns of all parties involved. Correct answer.
  2. Achieve a quick compromise where both parties give up something.
  3. Force their own decision on the subordinate using formal authority.
  4. Avoid the conflict entirely, hoping it will resolve itself over time.

Explanation

Collaborating is assertive and cooperative. It seeks win-win outcomes by addressing all concerns, making it suitable for complex issues requiring consensus.

Question 6Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

Using Kurt Lewin's Three-Step Change Model, how should a school head initiate a major change, such as transitioning from traditional paper lesson notes to digital plans?

  1. Unfreeze the current state by sensitizing staff on the benefits and creating readiness for change, then move, then refreeze. Correct answer.
  2. Implement the change immediately by punishing teachers who do not comply.
  3. Refreeze first by updating policy manuals, then train the teachers.
  4. Allow teachers to choose whether to change, without administrative intervention.

Explanation

Lewin's model is: Unfreeze, Change (Move), Refreeze. Unfreezing creates awareness of the need for change and reduces resistance. Changing introduces the new system, and Refreezing institutionalizes it.

Question 7Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the primary purpose of the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) in a Ghanaian public school?

  1. To determine the school curriculum and textbooks
  2. To provide support for school development and foster home-school cooperation Correct answer.
  3. To discipline teachers who violate the GES code of conduct
  4. To appoint and dismiss the headteacher of the school

Explanation

The Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) is a voluntary organization of parents and teachers. Its primary purpose is to promote cooperation between the home and the school, and to provide material and moral support for school development projects.

Question 8Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the primary purpose of the school Log Book in a public school in Ghana?

  1. To record the daily attendance of students
  2. To record significant events, visits by school inspectors/SISOs, and major administrative decisions Correct answer.
  3. To keep track of termly school fees and donations
  4. To store teachers' weekly lesson notes and scheme of work

Explanation

The Log Book is a historical and administrative record kept by the headteacher. It is used to document significant events, official visits by directors or SISOs, school closures, accidents, and other key occurrences in the life of the school.

Question 9Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

Which school record is kept permanently to document every student admitted into the school and their background details?

  1. Class Attendance Register
  2. School Log Book
  3. Admission Register Correct answer.
  4. Report Card Register

Explanation

The Admission Register is a permanent record of the school. It contains critical information about every student, including their admission number, date of admission, date of birth, name of parents, and details of schools previously attended.

Question 10Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the first administrative step a teacher should take when a student is continuously absent for three consecutive days without any explanation?

  1. Strike the student's name off the register
  2. Inform the headteacher and attempt to contact the parent or guardian Correct answer.
  3. Issue a formal suspension letter to the student's home
  4. Report the case of neglect directly to the local police

Explanation

When a student is absent for three consecutive days without explanation, the class teacher should investigate by notifying the headteacher and reaching out to the parents or guardians to determine the cause (e.g., sickness or family emergency).

Question 11Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the first step in resolving an interpersonal dispute between two teachers in a school?

  1. Report the dispute immediately to the District Director of Education
  2. Invite both teachers for an amicable, private discussion to understand the issue Correct answer.
  3. Recommend the immediate transfer of one of the teachers to another school
  4. Suspend both teachers from their teaching duties

Explanation

The head of a school should handle minor conflicts internally in the first instance. Inviting both parties for a private, professional discussion helps to de-escalate the conflict and resolve it collaboratively before it impacts school harmony.

Question 12Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

Which classroom seating arrangement is best suited for small-group discussions and collaborative learning activities?

  1. Traditional rows facing the front
  2. Horseshoe (U-shape) or clusters Correct answer.
  3. Individual testing booths facing the wall
  4. Circular perimeter layout leaving the center empty

Explanation

U-shape (horseshoe) or clustered seating arrangements allow students to face each other, facilitate communication, work in teams, and enable the teacher to move freely between groups to guide activities.

Question 13Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

In school asset management, which book is used to record all incoming and outgoing school equipment and consumable materials?

  1. The school Log Book
  2. The Stock Ledger (Inventory Book) Correct answer.
  3. The Cash Book
  4. The Visitor's Book

Explanation

The Stock Ledger (or Inventory Book) is used to track the school's assets. It records all materials received, distributed, and currently in stock, helping to prevent loss, theft, and mismanagement of school resources.

Question 14Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the name of the official document where a teacher compiles all marks obtained by students in class tests, projects, and assignments during the term?

  1. Cumulative Record Card
  2. Report Card
  3. SBA Register (Continuous Assessment Sheet) Correct answer.
  4. Attendance Register

Explanation

The School-Based Assessment (SBA) Register or Continuous Assessment Sheet is where the teacher records the scores of all classroom assessment tasks, homework, and projects. These scores are compiled to form the continuous assessment component of the student's termly grade.

Question 15Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

Which record-keeping book is signed by staff daily to track punctuality and attendance in a school?

  1. The School Log Book
  2. The Time Book (Attendance Register for Staff) Correct answer.
  3. The Inventory Register
  4. The Lesson Note Vetting Book

Explanation

The Staff Time Book is a record-keeping book where all teachers and staff members sign their names and write their arrival and departure times daily. It is monitored by the headteacher to track punctuality and curb absenteeism.

Question 16Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

How can a teacher ensure students respect and follow classroom rules?

  1. Apply severe physical punishments for every minor infraction
  2. Formulate the rules collaboratively with the students at the start of the term Correct answer.
  3. Write a long list of complex rules and post them without discussion
  4. Leave the classroom rules to the headteacher to explain

Explanation

Collaboratively developing classroom rules with students gives them ownership and increases their commitment to following them. It fosters a respectful, democratic classroom environment where rules are understood, not just enforced.

Question 17Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the term for the actual time students spend actively engaged in learning activities under the guidance of the teacher?

  1. Allocated time
  2. Engaged time (Time on task) Correct answer.
  3. Transition time
  4. Scheduled time

Explanation

Engaged time, also known as 'time on task,' is the portion of instructional time during which students are actively paying attention, working on tasks, and participating in learning activities. High time on task correlates with better student performance.

Question 18Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the primary role of the school guidance and counselling coordinator?

  1. To punish difficult students who disrupt lessons
  2. To support students' academic, career, social, and personal development through counselling and mentorship Correct answer.
  3. To manage the school's financial records and collect fees
  4. To substitute for absent teachers on a daily basis

Explanation

The guidance coordinator's role is to provide developmental, preventive, and corrective support to students. They counsel students on study habits, career choices, social relations, and handle referrals for students facing emotional or behavioral challenges.

Question 19Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the term for a fixed sum of money advanced to a school officer (such as an assistant head or department head) for making minor, day-to-day cash payments?

  1. Virement
  2. Petty Cash (Imprest) Correct answer.
  3. Contingency Fund
  4. Consolidated Fund

Explanation

Petty Cash (or Imprest) is an accounting system used to pay for minor expenditures (like chalk, minor repairs, or postage) that are too small to justify drawing a check. It is replenished periodically upon submission of valid receipts.

Question 20Classroom relationships, participation and purposeful management

What is the primary difference between a student's Report Card and their Cumulative Record Card in the Ghanaian education system?

  1. The Report Card is public information, whereas the Cumulative Record Card is strictly private.
  2. The Report Card shows termly academic scores, whereas the Cumulative Record Card tracks scholastic, social, health, and developmental history over several years. Correct answer.
  3. The Cumulative Record Card is managed by the parents, whereas the Report Card is managed by the headteacher.
  4. The Cumulative Record Card is only used in senior high schools, while the Report Card is used in basic schools.

Explanation

A Report Card is a termly summary of academic performance sent home to parents. The Cumulative Record Card is a comprehensive, confidential document that follows the child through school, capturing academic progress, health data, behavior, interests, and family background.

Question 21Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary distinction between administrative ethics and professional ethics for a school leader?

  1. Administrative ethics concern compliance with regulations and fair use of authority, while Professional ethics relate to pedagogical duties and teacher-student relationships. Correct answer.
  2. Administrative ethics apply to district directors, while Professional ethics apply only to classroom teachers.
  3. Administrative ethics are optional guidelines, while Professional ethics are legally binding.
  4. Administrative ethics deal with financial audits, while Professional ethics deal only with class attendance.

Explanation

Administrative ethics guide the fair use of power, resource allocation, and regulatory compliance. Professional ethics (e.g., NTS) govern teaching practice, student relationships, and pedagogical standards.

Question 22Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

A school head receives information suggesting that a school accountant may have misappropriated fees. What is the head's immediate ethical and administrative responsibility?

  1. Report the matter to the Board of Governors/SMC and the District Director, and secure all financial records for investigation. Correct answer.
  2. Confront the accountant and ask them to return the money quietly.
  3. Ignore the rumor until formal audit reports are released.
  4. Suspend the accountant immediately without reporting the case.

Explanation

If misconduct is suspected, the head must secure financial records to prevent tampering and report the case to the governing board and District Director. They lack the authority to handle it informally.

Question 23Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of a « Conseiller d'Orientation » (COSP / Centre d'Information et d'Orientation - CIO) in secondary schools?

  1. To administer psychotechnical interest assessments, provide career guidance, and assist students in choosing academic tracks aligned with their abilities and aspirations Correct answer.
  2. To assign disciplinary detention to late students
  3. To sell textbooks and stationery supplies to students for cash
  4. To inspect the structural foundation of school building roofs

Explanation

Guidance counselors (*Conseillers d'Orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle - COSP*), operating through the school and regional CIO under the DOB, specialize in vocational testing, academic pathway guidance, and supporting student career decision-making.

Question 24Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

How should an Éducateur handle a reported case of peer bullying or cyber-harassment involving secondary school students?

  1. Listen attentively to the victim in a safe environment, document all evidence (messages, statements), notify administration, engage parents of all parties, and implement restorative/disciplinary measures Correct answer.
  2. Tell the victim that cyber-bullying is funny and should be ignored completely
  3. Forward the humiliating messages to the entire student body on WhatsApp
  4. Encourage the victim to physically attack the bullies after school

Explanation

Cyber-harassment and bullying require immediate, structured intervention: ensuring immediate victim safety, collecting and preserving digital evidence, notifying school leaders, involving families, and activating disciplinary and mediation protocols.

Question 25Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of the « Conseil d'Orientation » at the end of the 3e and 2nde classes in Ivorian secondary schools?

  1. To analyze student trimester marks in key subject clusters, evaluate aptitudes and interests, and propose academic streaming (2nde A / 2nde C / 1ère A / 1ère C / 1ère D) Correct answer.
  2. To assign criminal penalties to low-performing students
  3. To determine national banking interest rates
  4. To organize commercial trade missions to Europe

Explanation

The *Conseil d'Orientation*, composed of the Principal, Censeur, Éducateurs, Teachers, and Guidance Counselors (COSP), evaluates student academic profiles in specific subject groups to recommend appropriate literary, scientific, or technical streams.

Question 26Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur in organizing « les activités socioculturelles et sportives » (clubs, OISSU school sports) in a secondary school?

  1. Encouraging healthy civic engagement, team spirit, physical fitness, cultural talent expression, and positive school climate outside instructional hours Correct answer.
  2. Forbidding students from ever participating in arts or athletics
  3. Selling sports trophies on the black market
  4. Canceling all academic classes to replace them with commercial sports tournaments

Explanation

Extracurricular sociocultural and athletic activities (OISSU competitions, drama clubs, cultural days) are vital educational tools managed by educators to channel adolescent energy, foster teamwork, prevent delinquency, and enrich school life.

Question 27Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur in supporting « le club environnement / reboisement » in a secondary school?

  1. Guiding students in environmental awareness, tree planting, courtyard greening, waste recycling, and understanding climate change challenges Correct answer.
  2. Cutting down all trees on campus to make asphalt parking lots
  3. Dumping plastic waste into nearby rivers
  4. Prohibiting students from learning about natural ecosystems

Explanation

Environmental clubs cultivate ecological responsibility: educators lead tree-planting drives (*opérations un élève, un arbre*), teach waste segregation, and green school courtyards to combat environmental degradation.

Question 28Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur during the « fête de fin d'année et remise des prix d'excellence » (end-of-year excellence awards ceremony)?

  1. Coordinating student logistics, preparing certificates and awards, supervising decorum and safety, and celebrating student academic, civic, and athletic achievements with the community Correct answer.
  2. Canceling the ceremony and keeping all student prize books for personal use
  3. Publicly humiliating students who did not win prizes
  4. Forbidding parents and local community leaders from attending

Explanation

The annual excellence awards day (*journée de l'excellence*) celebrates hard work, merit, and civic achievement. Éducateurs organize logistics, award distributions, and community participation, strengthening school pride.

Question 29Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur in supporting « le club d'anglais / English Club » in a secondary school?

  1. Encouraging English language fluency, public speaking, debates, drama, and cultural exchange in a dynamic, supportive extracurricular environment Correct answer.
  2. Forbidding students from ever speaking English outside classroom hours
  3. Charging private fees for student conversations
  4. Using English club time to clean school toilets

Explanation

Language clubs (*English Clubs*) provide vibrant, low-stakes conversational practice: organizing debates, spelling bees, drama sketches, and presentations under educator and English teacher facilitation.

Question 30Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur in preventing « les feux de brousse et dégradations environnementales » around school campuses in savanna zones?

  1. Sensitizing students on fire safety, creating weeded firebreaks (pare-feux) around school buildings with the community, and prohibiting open burning on campus Correct answer.
  2. Encouraging students to light wild brushfires during dry harmattan winds
  3. Storing open gasoline cans next to classroom wooden windows
  4. Leaving dead dry brush accumulated against school walls

Explanation

In savanna and interior regions, bushfires (*feux de brousse*) during the dry Harmattan season pose severe risks: educators coordinate fire prevention awareness, clear vegetation firebreaks (*pare-feux*), and enforce strict open-fire bans.

Question 31Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur when mediating a conflict between a teacher and a secondary student?

  1. Facilitating calm, impartial dialogue, listening to both parties respectfully, de-escalating emotion, restoring mutual respect, and upholding school regulations without undermining pedagogical authority Correct answer.
  2. Publicly insulting the teacher in front of the entire class
  3. Physically assaulting the student
  4. Taking bribes from parents to blame the teacher

Explanation

Teacher-student conflict mediation requires high diplomatic tact: the educator listens to both perspectives, de-escalates emotional tension, helps the student understand behavioral expectations, and re-establishes respectful pedagogical relations.

Question 32Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur in fostering « l'esprit d'entraide et de solidarité » (peer solidarity and mutual aid) among secondary students?

  1. Supporting peer tutoring programs (tutorat entre pairs), community service projects, solidarity funds for bereaved classmates, and inclusive teamwork Correct answer.
  2. Encouraging students to steal textbooks from poor classmates
  3. Creating social castes and promoting discrimination against rural students
  4. Forbidding students from helping classmates who are struggling

Explanation

Promoting peer solidarity (*solidarité scolaire*) builds an empathetic, cohesive school community: peer tutoring (*tutorat*), mutual aid for sick or bereaved classmates, and collaborative community service projects.

Question 33Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur in organizing « la sensibilisation contre les drogues et stupéfiants » (anti-drug and substance abuse campaigns) in secondary schools?

  1. Organizing educational workshops with health experts and law enforcement, educating students on health/legal dangers of narcotics, identifying at-risk youth, and providing confidential counseling referrals Correct answer.
  2. Encouraging students to sell illicit drugs to make extra pocket money
  3. Distributing alcoholic drinks to students in the courtyard
  4. Prohibiting students from discussing substance abuse

Explanation

Anti-drug campaigns in secondary schools require multi-sectoral awareness: educating on physiological and legal consequences of drug use (cannabis, tramadol, shisha), destigmatizing help-seeking, and referring addicted youth to rehabilitation support.

Question 34Professional ethics, student welfare and role boundaries

What is the primary role of an Éducateur in fostering « la culture de la paix et de la non-violence » in Ivorian secondary schools?

  1. Promoting mutual tolerance, teaching conflict de-escalation, encouraging peer mediation, organizing intercultural celebrations, and modeling peaceful civic resolution of disputes Correct answer.
  2. Encouraging ethnic and political rivalries among student groups
  3. Organizing physical boxing fights in the school library
  4. Telling students that violence is the only way to solve disagreements

Explanation

Educators are ambassadors of peace: they instill the culture of non-violence, mutual tolerance across ethnic and religious lines, dialogue, and constructive conflict resolution across the school community.

Question 35School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

In strategic school management, what does the acronym 'PESTEL' stand for when analyzing the external environment of a school?

  1. Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal Correct answer.
  2. Physical, Educational, Statutory, Technological, Evaluative, and Local
  3. Planning, Execution, Supervision, Testing, Evaluation, and Leadership
  4. Policy, Equity, Standards, Training, Efficiency, and Licensure

Explanation

PESTEL is a framework used to analyze external factors affecting an organization: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal. It helps school leaders design School Improvement Plans (SIPs).

Question 36School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

In a SWOT analysis conducted for a school improvement plan, how are 'Opportunities' distinguished from 'Strengths'?

  1. Opportunities are external positive factors in the environment, while Strengths are internal positive capabilities of the school. Correct answer.
  2. Opportunities are future financial grants, while Strengths are the academic qualifications of the teachers.
  3. Opportunities are positive factors, while Strengths are areas that need improvement.
  4. Opportunities are set by the Ministry, while Strengths are developed by the local community.

Explanation

SWOT divides factors into internal (Strengths, Weaknesses) and external (Opportunities, Threats). Strengths are internal assets, while Opportunities are external developments the school can leverage.

Question 37School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

How does 'Supervision' conceptually differ from 'Inspection' in the context of educational management?

  1. Supervision is collaborative and developmental, focusing on improving teaching and learning, whereas Inspection is evaluative and compliance-driven. Correct answer.
  2. Supervision is conducted by external officers, while Inspection is conducted internally.
  3. Supervision is punitive, whereas Inspection is supportive.
  4. Supervision is only for newly trained teachers, while Inspection is for experienced staff.

Explanation

Supervision is developmental, involving guidance and collaboration to improve instruction. Inspection (conducted by bodies like NaSIA) is evaluative, assessing compliance with national standards.

Question 38School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

A School Improvement Plan (SIP) is a key tool for strategic educational leadership. Which of the following is a critical first step in developing an effective SIP?

  1. Conducting a comprehensive needs assessment (situational analysis) using school data. Correct answer.
  2. Drafting the final budget allocation for the next academic year.
  3. Assigning teachers to specific subject departments.
  4. Purchasing building materials for new classrooms.

Explanation

A SIP must begin with a needs assessment to identify strengths, weaknesses, and key improvement areas using student data. This ensures plan goals target actual school needs.

Question 39School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

In conflict management, what is the key difference between 'Compromising' and 'Accommodating' styles?

  1. Compromising involves mutual concessions (both win some and lose some), while Accommodating involves one party sacrificing their concerns to satisfy the other. Correct answer.
  2. Compromising is highly assertive, while Accommodating is highly aggressive.
  3. Compromising always yields a win-win, while Accommodating yields a win-lose outcome.
  4. Compromising is illegal in public administration, while Accommodating is standard practice.

Explanation

Compromising is mid-assertive and mid-cooperative, where both parties make concessions. Accommodating is unassertive and highly cooperative, where one party puts the other's needs first.

Question 40School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

How can a strategic school leader effectively shape and sustain a positive organizational culture within a school?

  1. By modeling desired values, establishing collaborative structures, and celebrating teacher and student achievements. Correct answer.
  2. By creating a long list of strict rules and using punitive measures to enforce them.
  3. By focusing exclusively on examination results and ignoring staff well-being.
  4. By delegating all leadership decisions to the school prefects.

Explanation

School culture is shaped by the leader's behavior, values, and the structures they establish. Modeling collaboration and celebrating success build trust and shared purpose.

Question 41School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

What is the primary purpose of a school's 'Vision Statement' in strategic planning?

  1. To describe the desired future state and long-term aspiration of the school. Correct answer.
  2. To list the rules and regulations that govern student behavior.
  3. To detail the daily timetable and lesson allocation for teachers.
  4. To provide a summary of the school's income and expenditure.

Explanation

A vision statement outlines where the school wants to go in the future. It serves as a guide for strategic choices and inspires the school community.

Question 42School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

According to Tuckman's Stages of Group Development, during which stage does a school committee experience conflict as members argue over roles and how things should be done?

  1. Storming Correct answer.
  2. Forming
  3. Norming
  4. Performing

Explanation

Tuckman's model includes: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning. Storming is characterized by conflict as members assert their ideas and challenge roles. Leaders must guide the group through this stage.

Question 43School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

A school head faces local community opposition regarding the location of a new school playground. What is the most strategic approach to resolve this stakeholder conflict?

  1. Convene a stakeholder engagement meeting with community leaders, PTA, and assembly members to present data and find a compromise. Correct answer.
  2. Use police presence to enforce the construction of the playground.
  3. Ignore the community and proceed with construction during school holidays.
  4. Cancel the playground project entirely and return the funds to the district.

Explanation

Stakeholder management requires open communication. Meeting with community leaders and representatives helps address concerns and build support, ensuring project sustainability.

Question 44School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

During an annual appraisal, a teacher disagrees with the low rating given by their supervisor and refuses to sign the appraisal form. What is the correct procedure for the school head to follow?

  1. Document the teacher's objections, forward the form to the District Directorate with a report, and advise the teacher of their right to appeal. Correct answer.
  2. Force the teacher to sign the form under threat of salary suspension.
  3. Alter the ratings to satisfy the teacher and avoid conflict.
  4. Discard the appraisal form and write a new one without the teacher's knowledge.

Explanation

Appraisals must follow due process. If a teacher disagrees, the head should document the dispute, forward the form to the District Office, and inform the teacher of the appeal process. Forcing signatures or altering records is unethical.

Question 45School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

Under John Kotter's 8-Step Change Model, what is the purpose of 'establishing a sense of urgency' as the first step of school reform?

  1. To motivate stakeholders to support change by highlighting the risks of staying with current practices. Correct answer.
  2. To force teachers to complete all lesson notes quickly.
  3. To shorten the project timeline to save money.
  4. To pressure the Ministry of Education to release grants faster.

Explanation

Establishing urgency convinces stakeholders that change is necessary. It highlights current challenges, reducing complacency and building support for reform initiatives.

Question 46School leadership, administration and improvement evidence

What is the primary goal of establishing Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) in Ghanaian schools?

  1. To foster teacher collaboration, share best practices, and collectively solve instructional challenges to improve student learning. Correct answer.
  2. To organize teachers to demand higher salaries from the government.
  3. To monitor teacher attendance and punish latecomers.
  4. To train teachers on how to manage school procurement budgets.

Explanation

PLCs provide structured time for teachers to collaborate, discuss teaching challenges, share strategies, and analyze student data. This supports school-based professional development.

Question 47School resource stewardship, budgets and quantitative evidence

A public school awards a contract for the renovation of classrooms valued at GHS 50,000. Under the current tax laws of Ghana, the local withholding tax rate for works is 5%. What is the amount of withholding tax the school must deduct from the contract sum, and what is the net payment to the contractor? (Show worked steps).

  1. Withholding Tax: GHS 2,500; Net Payment: GHS 47,500 Correct answer.
  2. Withholding Tax: GHS 3,750; Net Payment: GHS 46,250
  3. Withholding Tax: GHS 1,500; Net Payment: GHS 48,500
  4. Withholding Tax: GHS 5,000; Net Payment: GHS 45,000

Explanation

Step 1: Renovation represents a 'works' contract, which attracts a 5% withholding tax rate under the Ghana Revenue Authority schedule. Step 2: Withholding tax = GHS 50,000 * 5% = GHS 50,000 * 0.05 = GHS 2,500. Step 3: Net payment to contractor = Gross Contract Value - Withholding Tax = GHS 50,000 - GHS 2,500 = GHS 47,500.

Question 48School resource stewardship, budgets and quantitative evidence

In school store administration, what document must be prepared by the storekeeper to acknowledge receipt of goods delivered by a supplier before they are recorded in the store ledger?

  1. Store Receipt Voucher (SRV) Correct answer.
  2. Store Issue Voucher (SIV)
  3. Local Purchase Order (LPO)
  4. Waybill

Explanation

The Store Receipt Voucher (SRV) is the official accounting document used to record the entry of goods into the store. The storekeeper verifies the goods against the delivery note and prepares the SRV to update the ledger.

Question 49School resource stewardship, budgets and quantitative evidence

What is the primary role of the Internal Audit Unit within the Ghana Education Service concerning school financial administration?

  1. To provide independent assurance that risk management, governance, and internal control processes are operating effectively. Correct answer.
  2. To prepare the school's annual budget and financial statements.
  3. To authorize all daily expenditures and sign checks on behalf of the headteacher.
  4. To select suppliers and negotiate prices for school procurement.

Explanation

The Internal Audit Unit assesses financial procedures and controls, ensuring compliance with PFM laws. They identify weaknesses and recommend improvements to the headteacher. They do not manage operations directly.

Question 50School resource stewardship, budgets and quantitative evidence

A school purchases office stationery valued at GHS 20,000 from a registered local dealer. The local withholding tax rate for supply of goods is 3%. Calculate the withholding tax to be deducted and the net payment to the supplier.

  1. Withholding Tax: GHS 600; Net Payment: GHS 19,400 Correct answer.
  2. Withholding Tax: GHS 1,000; Net Payment: GHS 19,000
  3. Withholding Tax: GHS 1,500; Net Payment: GHS 18,500
  4. Withholding Tax: GHS 2,000; Net Payment: GHS 18,000

Explanation

Step 1: Identify contract value (GHS 20,000) and the tax rate for goods (3%). Step 2: Withholding tax = GHS 20,000 * 3% = GHS 600. Step 3: Net payment = GHS 20,000 - GHS 600 = GHS 19,400.