GitHub Administration key terms

A review requirement that needs an applicable enforcing protection/ruleset as well as valid ownership mapping, distinct from merely requesting a reviewer.

A personal access credential further limited by selected resource owner, repositories and permissions within its owner’s existing authority and actual organization policies.

An actual configured permission to bypass specified repository restrictions under relevant conditions, which must be considered before claiming an absolute merge prohibition.

The code, host state, credentials and network reachability exposed when a job executes on a runner, distinct from repository eligibility alone.

The actual allowed repository/API actions of the workflow token under job and enclosing policy configuration, not unrestricted account authority.

A supported callable workflow arrangement packaging jobs and explicit inputs/secrets, distinct from every action or arbitrary shared repository file.

The principle that users and systems should be granted only the minimum access rights necessary to perform their tasks, reducing the potential damage from accidents or malicious activity.

A control that divides critical tasks among different individuals so that no single person can complete a sensitive action alone, helping to prevent fraud and errors.

An access control model where permissions are assigned to roles rather than individual users, and users are assigned to roles based on their job responsibilities.

An authentication method that requires two or more independent credentials from different categories (something you know, have, or are) to verify a user's identity.

The process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system, typically through credentials such as passwords, tokens, or biometrics.

The process of determining what actions or resources an authenticated entity is permitted to access, often enforced through access control policies.

A mechanism that allows a user to log in once and access multiple applications or systems without re-entering credentials, improving usability and centralizing access control.

The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and a key, so that only authorized parties can read the original information.

An encryption method that uses the same secret key for both encryption and decryption, offering speed but requiring secure key distribution.

Encryption using a suitable public-key scheme and a corresponding private key for decryption. Authenticated key distribution and the specified padding/protocol remain essential; signatures and key agreement are distinct constructions.

A digest construction mapping input to an output under its defined algorithm, with cryptographic versions designed for appropriate resistance properties. Password storage needs a suitable salted password-hashing/KDF scheme rather than a bare fast digest.

An electronic signature that uses asymmetric cryptography to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message or document.

The policies and mechanisms that determine who can access which systems, data, or facilities and under what conditions.

A system that collects, aggregates, and analyzes log data from various sources to detect security incidents and support compliance reporting.

A structured approach to handling security incidents, typically including preparation, detection, containment, eradication, recovery, and lessons learned.

A document that outlines how an organization will continue critical operations during and after a disruption, including strategies for recovery and restoration.

A plan focused on restoring IT infrastructure and operations after a disaster, including backup restoration and recovery time objectives.

The process of copying data to a secondary location or medium to enable recovery in case of data loss or corruption.