Google Advanced Data Analytics flashcards
Google Advanced Data Analytics · Build recall with a focused review session.
29 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Decision relevance
- The relationship between an analysis result and the actual stakeholder choice, including population, outcome, uncertainty, cost and authorized responsibility.
- End-to-end baseline
- A defined reference measurement for the full relevant task or service, not only one convenient step whose improvement can hide downstream costs.
- Join multiplicity
- The number of result rows produced by matching relationships between inputs, which can multiply totals when an assumed unique key has duplicates.
- Dataframe alignment
- The library-defined matching of labels or positions during an operation, whose meaning must be checked rather than inferred from visual row order.
- Missing-value treatment
- A justified rule for handling absent observations under the actual data and decision context, not an automatic substitution of every missing field with zero.
- P-value
- A probability of results at least as extreme under a specified null model and its assumptions, not the probability that the null hypothesis is true.
- Confidence coverage
- The long-run proportion of intervals constructed by a procedure that contain the parameter under its model, distinct from a posterior probability of one fixed parameter.
- Regression coefficient
- A fitted conditional relationship parameter under the stated model and included variables, which is not automatically the causal effect of an intervention.
- Evaluation leakage
- Use of information across an intended training/evaluation boundary that can make a reported assessment less independent or more optimistic than claimed.
- Relational database
- A database that stores data in tables made of rows and columns and uses relationships between tables. It is queried with languages such as SQL and follows the relational model.
- Primary key
- A column or set of columns whose values uniquely identify each row in a database table. It cannot contain duplicate or null values.
- Foreign key
- A column or set of columns in one table that refers to the primary key of another table. It enforces referential integrity between related records.
- SQL
- Structured Query Language, a standard language for defining, querying, updating, and managing data in relational databases. It includes statements for creating tables and retrieving rows.
- Normalization
- The process of organizing relational database tables to reduce duplicated data and avoid update anomalies. It typically involves dividing data into related tables and defining keys.
- Database index
- A data structure that speeds up searches on a database table by providing quick lookup paths to rows. It uses extra storage and must be updated when data changes.
- Metadata
- Data that describes other data, such as a file's author, creation date, format, or size. In databases, it describes table structures, constraints, and other schema information.
- Least Privilege
- The principle that users and systems should be granted only the minimum access rights necessary to perform their tasks, reducing the potential damage from accidents or malicious activity.
- Separation of Duties
- A control that divides critical tasks among different individuals so that no single person can complete a sensitive action alone, helping to prevent fraud and errors.
- Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
- An access control model where permissions are assigned to roles rather than individual users, and users are assigned to roles based on their job responsibilities.
- Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
- An authentication method that requires two or more independent credentials from different categories (something you know, have, or are) to verify a user's identity.
- Authentication
- The process of verifying the identity of a user, device, or system, typically through credentials such as passwords, tokens, or biometrics.
- Authorization
- The process of determining what actions or resources an authenticated entity is permitted to access, often enforced through access control policies.
- Single Sign-On (SSO)
- A mechanism that allows a user to log in once and access multiple applications or systems without re-entering credentials, improving usability and centralizing access control.
- Encryption
- The process of converting plaintext into ciphertext using an algorithm and a key, so that only authorized parties can read the original information.
- Symmetric Encryption
- An encryption method that uses the same secret key for both encryption and decryption, offering speed but requiring secure key distribution.
- Asymmetric Encryption
- Encryption using a suitable public-key scheme and a corresponding private key for decryption. Authenticated key distribution and the specified padding/protocol remain essential; signatures and key agreement are distinct constructions.
- Hash Function
- A digest construction mapping input to an output under its defined algorithm, with cryptographic versions designed for appropriate resistance properties. Password storage needs a suitable salted password-hashing/KDF scheme rather than a bare fast digest.
- Digital Signature
- An electronic signature that uses asymmetric cryptography to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message or document.
- Access control
- The policies and mechanisms that determine who can access which systems, data, or facilities and under what conditions.