ASEP Written Contest flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Fick equation

VO2 equals cardiac output multiplied by the arterial-venous oxygen difference; it links oxygen consumption to central delivery and peripheral extraction.

Lactate threshold

The exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins to accumulate faster than it is cleared, typically 50-60% of VO2max in untrained adults.

Stroke volume plateau

Stroke volume rises with intensity but plateaus near 40-60% of VO2max in most adults, so further cardiac output increases depend on heart rate.

Type I muscle fibers

Slow-twitch, highly oxidative fibers with high mitochondrial density and fatigue resistance; recruited for low-intensity, prolonged activity.

Karvonen formula

Target heart rate equals the resting heart rate plus a percentage of the heart rate reserve, calculated as maximal minus resting heart rate.

FITT-VP principle

Frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression form the standard framework for structuring aerobic and resistance exercise prescriptions.

Estimated maximal heart rate

The Tanaka equation, 208 minus 0.7 times age, estimates maximal heart rate more accurately than the older 220-minus-age formula.

Exercise test termination

Stop testing for a drop in systolic pressure with ischemia signs, ST depression of 2 mm or more, sustained ventricular tachycardia, or patient request.

Diabetes exercise caution

Avoid exercise when fasting glucose exceeds 250 mg/dL with ketones or 300 mg/dL without ketones, because of ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia risk.

Cardiac rehabilitation benefit

Supervised exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after a coronary event reduces cardiovascular mortality and improves functional capacity and quality of life.

COPD exercise training

Aerobic training at 60-80% of peak work rate, often interval-based, improves dyspnea and six-minute walk distance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Osteoporosis exercise precautions

Weight-bearing and resistance training are encouraged, but high-impact loading and spinal flexion should be avoided with severe vertebral compression risk.

Preparticipation screening

The ACSM algorithm classifies risk by current activity level, symptoms, and known disease to decide whether medical clearance is needed before exercise.

Blood pressure categories

Normal is below 120/80; elevated is 120-129 over below 80; stage 1 is 130-139 or 80-89; stage 2 is 140/90 or higher.

Body mass index

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; it screens for weight status but does not distinguish fat from lean mass.

Waist circumference risk

Abdominal obesity risk is elevated above 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women, reflecting visceral fat and cardiometabolic risk.

Submaximal VO2max estimate

Submaximal tests estimate aerobic capacity from steady-state heart rate, assuming a linear relationship between heart rate and oxygen consumption.

Athlete carbohydrate needs

Endurance athletes require roughly 6-10 g/kg per day for moderate training and 8-12 g/kg per day for high-volume training to restore glycogen.

Protein for athletes

Athletes need about 1.2-2.0 g/kg per day, and 1.6-2.2 g/kg during energy restriction, to support repair and preserve lean mass.

Energy deficit rule

One kilogram of body fat stores roughly 7,700 kcal, so a 500 kcal daily deficit produces about 0.45 kg of loss per week.

Dehydration performance threshold

Body mass loss of about 2% impairs aerobic performance; replace roughly 1.0-1.5 liters for each kilogram lost during exercise.

Third-class lever

A lever with the effort between the axis and the load, as in a biceps curl; most human joints operate as third-class levers.

Eccentric muscle action

The muscle lengthens under tension, producing the highest forces and the most delayed-onset muscle soreness compared with concentric or isometric actions.

Length-tension relationship

Active muscle tension peaks near resting sarcomere length of about 2.0-2.2 micrometers, where actin-myosin crossbridge overlap is optimal.

Ground reaction force

The force the ground exerts on the body during gait; it is roughly 1.2 times body weight in walking and above 2.5 times in running.

Informed consent elements

Consent must disclose purpose, risks, benefits, alternatives, confidentiality limits, and the client's right to withdraw at any time.

Negligence elements

A negligence claim requires duty of care, breach of that duty, causation, and damages; all four elements must be established.

Scope of practice

Exercise professionals may assess, prescribe exercise, and educate, but must not diagnose conditions or prescribe medication or medical treatment.

Emergency action plan

A written, rehearsed plan specifying CPR and AED locations, staff roles, EMS activation, and facility access for medical emergencies.

Evidence hierarchy

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses rank highest, followed by randomized trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case reports.

Test reliability

The consistency of repeated measurements; test-retest and inter-rater reliability are common forms, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.70 or higher acceptable.

Cohen's effect size

A standardized mean difference where 0.2 is small, 0.5 medium, and 0.8 large; it conveys practical magnitude beyond statistical significance.