First aid, accident response and emergency procedures
What the exam tests
This domain tests the correct sequence at an accident scene: protect, alert, and then give first aid within your training. It also checks legal duties and common first-aid errors that can worsen injuries.
Core rules
- Protect the scene first. Switch off your engine, use hazard lights and place a warning triangle at a safe distance behind the incident, farther away on fast roads. Wear a reflective vest when outside the vehicle. Do not create a second collision.
- Call 112, the European emergency number, and give a clear location, number of casualties, hazards and whether anyone is trapped. In Greece, 166 is the ambulance service, 100 the police and 199 the fire service, but 112 is the general emergency number.
- Use DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. If the casualty is unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR at 30 compressions to 2 breaths, 100–120 compressions per minute, and use an AED as soon as available.
- Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger such as fire or traffic. Do not remove a motorcyclist’s helmet unless it is necessary to maintain the airway. Control severe bleeding with direct pressure. Keep the casualty warm and monitor breathing.
Worked example
A motorcyclist is lying unconscious but breathing after a collision. The scene is safe and another driver is warning traffic. The correct response is not to pull off the helmet immediately. Leave it in place, support the head, check the airway, call 112, monitor breathing and be ready to start CPR if breathing stops. The reasoning is that helmet removal can worsen a spinal injury; it is justified only if the airway cannot otherwise be managed.
Traps
Do not give food or drink to an injured person. Do not leave the scene to find help if you can send someone else. Do not move a casualty just to make them comfortable. Do not assume that an unconscious person who is breathing is safe; keep monitoring. Do not put yourself in danger to reach a casualty.