Environmental driving, fuel efficiency and eco-driving
What the exam tests
This domain checks whether you can drive economically without compromising safety. Questions cover smooth driving, gear use, idling, maintenance, load and the effect of speed on fuel consumption and emissions.
Core rules
- Anticipate traffic and brake early and gently. Harsh acceleration and late braking waste fuel. Keep a steady speed where possible and use the highest suitable gear; in a petrol car, upshift roughly around 2,000–2,500 rpm, and in a diesel often lower.
- Do not idle unnecessarily. Modern engines do not need a long warm-up while stationary. Switch off the engine during long waits where it is safe and legal to do so.
- Remove unnecessary weight and roof racks. Aerodynamic drag rises sharply with speed, so high motorway speeds use disproportionately more fuel. Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance. A dirty air filter or faulty sensor can increase consumption.
- Use air conditioning sparingly; it increases fuel use, especially at low speed. At higher speed, closed windows and moderate air conditioning may be more efficient than open windows.
- In Athens, the “daktylios” odd/even plate restriction and low-emission measures can limit access to the city centre. Check current local rules before driving in restricted areas.
Worked example
A driver commuting on a motorway reduces cruising speed from 130 km/h to 110 km/h. The trip takes slightly longer, but fuel consumption falls noticeably because aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed. The reasoning is not that slow is always better; it is that the highest speeds are the least efficient. The driver should stay in the right lane, keep a safe gap and avoid abrupt lane changes.
Traps
Do not coast downhill in neutral; it reduces control and is not a safe fuel-saving technique. Do not switch off the engine while moving. Do not over-inflate tyres to chase fuel savings. Do not assume that eco-driving means driving slowly and holding up traffic. Do not ignore local Athens access restrictions.