Guatemala DGAC commercial aeroplane theory foundations key terms

A design load associated with the maximum expected service condition, distinguished from an unrestricted promise that any repeated loading or damage is harmless.

A design and inspection approach considering the presence and growth of damage before it reaches a critical structural condition.

Control-surface mass distribution used to address inertial effects and flutter susceptibility, distinguished from aerodynamic assistance to the hinge moment.

A tab moving with a stabilator’s trailing-edge direction in the relevant design to increase control feel, rather than merely reduce every pilot force.

A braking-control function responding to wheel behavior to reduce a developing skid, without removing runway, tire or brake-energy limitations.

A device converting hydraulic pressure acting over an effective area into mechanical force or movement under the actual circuit conditions.

A system component storing hydraulic energy through a compressible element, with capacity and use determined by its charge and installation.

A device transferring mechanical power between suitable hydraulic circuits, distinguished from mixing their fluid or creating a new independent energy source.

A valve regulating cabin air escape as part of pressurization control, distinguished from a component directly setting aircraft geometric altitude.

An electrical conversion device producing AC from DC, distinguished from a rectifier that converts in the other direction.

Abnormal end-gas combustion associated with damaging pressure behavior, distinguished from combustion beginning before the intended spark through a hot ignition source.

A valve controlling exhaust flow through a turbocharger turbine, influencing boost rather than directly selecting a propeller’s blade angle.

A major breakdown of the intended compressor airflow, distinguished from an ordinary commanded thrust change or merely reduced fuel quantity.

A control changing propeller blade angle within its governing range to maintain a selected rotational speed as operating load changes.

A high-blade-angle configuration intended to reduce drag from an inoperative propeller, distinct from ordinary cruise pitch or a low-pitch windmilling condition.

The quantity available for the intended engine supply under the approved definition, distinguished from total capacity or an automatic legal reserve allowance.

A fuel-system path enabling an alternative engine-feed arrangement in the actual design, not necessarily a tank-transfer or equalization function.

The space above liquid fuel in a tank, whose gas composition is relevant to the purpose of a fuel-tank inerting system.

A protective method intended to prevent ice formation under specified conditions, distinguished from removing ice that has already accumulated.

An oxygen source using a chemical reaction after activation, with equipment-specific supply and heat characteristics unlike a simple stored-gas bottle.

The temperature to which air must be cooled under the specified conditions to reach saturation, distinguished from a direct prediction of existing fog.

The observed or supplied temperature change with height in the atmosphere, compared with a lifted parcel's cooling rate when assessing stability.

A stability condition where an unsaturated lifted parcel and a saturated lifted parcel have different buoyancy responses under the given lapse rates.

Fog associated with moist air moving over a colder surface, distinguished from a requirement for exclusively night-time surface cooling.

A direction extending from a VOR station in its declared reference system, distinguished from the aircraft’s heading or a selected inbound course.

A direction measured relative to the aircraft’s nose on the specified instrument, requiring the heading reference for conversion to an absolute bearing.

A magnetic bearing to a station in the relevant radiotelephony/navigation context, distinguished from the reciprocal bearing from that station.

The direct spatial distance between aircraft and facility, including vertical separation rather than only horizontal distance across the ground.

The lateral-guidance component of an ILS, whose displayed deviation and published use must be distinguished from the separate glide-path signal.

Vertical approach guidance from the specified system, distinguished from a universal permission to descend whenever any similar indication appears.