HABE C1 (Basque) key terms

A text whose meaning develops through wording, structure and context, not merely a list of familiar Basque words recognized separately.

The main idea developed by a source, identified through its central claim and qualifications rather than a repeated topic word.

A reason offered in support of a claim, whose relevance and evidential strength should be explained rather than assumed from confidence.

A conclusion that follows from reasoning or evidence, assessed for whether it exceeds what the supplied source actually establishes.

A concise summary preserving relevant source content and relationships without adding the summary writer’s unsupported opinion, recommendation or factual claim.

An attributed quotation or mention whose source and role should be distinguished from the response writer’s own observation or endorsement.

A condition that qualifies when an action or outcome applies, distinguished from proof that the required circumstance has already occurred.

Reference connecting an expression with a person, object or proposition in context, not automatically restricted to the nearest preceding noun.

Listening comprehension of actual spoken Basque, distinguished from silently reading a script or choosing an answer from its supplied English translation.

A speaker whose statements, corrections and reservations should be tracked separately from other participants in a dialogue or interview.

An intention or communicative purpose that must be distinguished from a confirmed action, achieved result or an agreement by another person.

Uncertainty that qualifies a claim or plan, which should not be erased merely because the learner recognizes the day, place or topic.

A correction that explicitly updates prior information, not an automatic rule that the last number or final phrase always provides the answer.

A verb interpreted within a complete Basque construction, including the roles of lexical form, auxiliary and relevant agreement relationships.

Grammatical case marking a relationship within a construction, whose form and interpretation should be checked together with number and context.

The ergative case used for the agent of a transitive construction in basic Basque analysis, distinguished from an intransitive subject’s marking.

The absolutive case used in basic Basque analysis for an intransitive subject or a transitive object, interpreted within the full construction.

Agreement relationships reflected in relevant forms, which can involve more than a simple English-style comparison between one subject and verb.

An auxiliary whose form participates in a larger verbal construction, contributing grammatical information rather than functioning as an isolated English equivalent.

Vocabulary learned through meaning, collocation and context, not simply an assumption that a related-looking Spanish or French word is interchangeable.