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HABE C1 (Basque) study materials
HABE C1 (Basque) study resources

HABE C1 (Basque) practice questions

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Question 1Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Hizkuntzak ez dira soilik komunikazio-tresnak; identitate kolektiboaren oinarri dira, memoria historikoa gordetzeko balio dute eta mundua ikusteko modu bereziak eskaintzen dituzte. Hizkuntza bat galtzean, gizateriak aniztasun kulturalaren parte bat galtzen du, berreskuratu ezin dena." Testuaren arabera, zergatik da hizkuntza-galera arazo larria gizateriarentzat? (According to the text, why is language loss a serious problem for humanity?)

  1. Komunikazio arazoak sortzen dituelako (Because it causes communication problems)
  2. Kultura-aniztasuna murrizten duelako eta berreskuratu ezin diren elementuak galtzen direlako (Because it reduces cultural diversity and irreversible elements are lost) Correct answer.
  3. Herrialdeen arteko harremanak zailtzen dituelako (Because it complicates relations between countries)
  4. Ekonomia-garapenean eragina duelako (Because it affects economic development)

Explanation

The text explicitly states that languages are not just communication tools - they preserve historical memory and offer unique ways of seeing the world. When a language is lost, humanity loses part of its cultural diversity that cannot be recovered. Option B directly captures both the diversity argument and the irreversibility stated in the passage.

Question 2Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun elkarrizketa zatia eta erantzun galderari. [ENTZUNALDIA / LISTENING PASSAGE] Biologoa: "Ozeanoa planeta honetako oxigenoaren erdia baino gehiago ekoizten du, karbono-hustubide nagusia da, eta klima erregulatzen du. Hala ere, ozeanoen pH-ak behera egin du industria-iraultzatik hona, eta hori itsas ekosistemetarako leherketa moduko eragin bat da." Zein da testuaren informazio nagusia? (What is the main information in this text?)

  1. Ozeanoa garrantzitsua dela eta bere pH industrializaziotik aldatu dela (The ocean is important and its pH has changed since industrialization) Correct answer.
  2. Industrializazioak oxigeno-ekoizpena murriztu duela (Industrialization has reduced oxygen production)
  3. Karbono-hustubideak beharrezkoak direla klima-aldaketarako (Carbon sinks are necessary for climate change)
  4. Itsas biologoek klima aztertzen dutela (Marine biologists study the climate)

Explanation

The biologist presents the ocean's vital importance (oxygen production, carbon sink, climate regulation) and then immediately signals a critical threat: pH decline since the industrial revolution. Option A integrates both pieces of information that structure the whole passage.

Question 3Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu zer esan nahi duen 'ahoa bete hortz utzi' esamoldeak. (Choose the meaning of the idiom 'ahoa bete hortz utzi'.)

  1. Norbait gosetu (To make someone hungry)
  2. Norbait harrituta edo txunditu utzi (To leave someone speechless or astonished) Correct answer.
  3. Norbait triste utzi (To leave someone sad)
  4. Norbait barre eginarazi (To make someone laugh)

Explanation

'Ahoa bete hortz utzi' literally means 'to leave someone with a mouth full of teeth' - the image of a person left with their mouth open in astonishment, unable to speak. It is used idiomatically to mean leaving someone speechless or dumbfounded by something impressive or surprising.

Question 4Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu hitzaren sinonimo egokiena testuinguru akademikoan: "Azterketa honek _____ (bilatzen du / egiten du) ikerketaren mugak." (Choose the most appropriate academic synonym for the verb meaning 'explores/delves into' in this context.)

  1. aztertzen ditu (examines/analyzes) Correct answer.
  2. pasatzen ditu (passes/spends)
  3. ikusten ditu (sees)
  4. betetzen ditu (fills)

Explanation

'Aztertzen ditu' (examines/analyzes) is the standard academic register verb used for exploring the limits of research in Basque academic writing. It conveys rigorous investigation appropriate to a C1-level academic context.

Question 5Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'eztabaidagai' hitzaren definizioa testuinguru akademiko batean. (Choose the definition of 'eztabaidagai' [topic of debate] in an academic context.)

  1. Eztabaida bateko parte-hartzailea (A participant in a debate)
  2. Eztabaidan jorratzen den gaia edo auzigaia (The subject or issue addressed in a debate) Correct answer.
  3. Eztabaidara deitutako aditua (An expert called to a debate)
  4. Eztabaidaren ondorioa (The outcome of a debate)

Explanation

'Eztabaidagai' is a compound of 'eztabaida' (debate) + 'gai' (matter/topic/subject). In academic Basque, it denotes the topic or issue under discussion. The suffix '-gai' consistently marks the subject matter of an activity (cf. 'ikasgai' - subject of study, 'aztergai' - subject of analysis).

Question 6Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu sinonimo egokiena 'jasangarritasuna' hitzari testuinguru ekologikoan. (Choose the most appropriate synonym for 'jasangarritasuna' [sustainability] in an ecological context.)

  1. Iraunkortasuna (durability/sustainability - long-term continuity) Correct answer.
  2. Erresistentzia (resistance)
  3. Bizkortasuna (speed/agility)
  4. Sendotasuna (strength/robustness)

Explanation

'Jasangarritasuna' and 'iraunkortasuna' are close synonyms in ecological discourse, both translating 'sustainability.' 'Iraunkortasuna' emphasizes the quality of enduring or persisting long-term, which is the core concept of ecological sustainability - meeting present needs without compromising future generations.

Question 7Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'eskuzabal' hitzaren esanahi zehatzena. (Choose the most precise meaning of 'eskuzabal'.)

  1. Eskua zabal-zabalik daukana (One who holds their hand wide open)
  2. Emankorra, oparo emateko joera duena, eskuzabala (Generous, inclined to give abundantly) Correct answer.
  3. Eskua handikoa (One with big hands)
  4. Lana ondo egiten duena (One who works well)

Explanation

'Eskuzabal' is a compound adjective: 'esku' (hand) + 'zabal' (wide/open). Its figurative meaning is 'generous, open-handed' - the metaphor of an open hand giving freely. It is the standard Basque equivalent of 'generous' in both everyday and literary registers.

Question 8Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Arkitektura modernoak hiri-espazioak giza-neurrian eraikitzearen alde egiten du. Eraikin handiek, nahiz eta estetikoki liluragarriak izan, askotan gizakiari arrotz egiten diote espazioari. Eskalaren ezintasunak harreman sozialak murriztu eta isolamendua sustatu dezake, hiri-bizitza aberastu beharrean." Egilearen arabera, zer efektu negatibo du eskalaz kanpoko eraikuntzak? (According to the author, what negative effect does oversized construction have?)

  1. Kostuak areagotzen dituela eta etxebizitza eskuraezin bilakatzen duela (That it increases costs and makes housing inaccessible)
  2. Ingurumena kaltetu dezakeela (That it can damage the environment)
  3. Harreman sozialak murriztu eta isolamendua sustatzen dituela (That it reduces social relations and promotes isolation) Correct answer.
  4. Ibilgailuetarako azpiegitura gehiago eskatzen duela (That it requires more vehicle infrastructure)

Explanation

The author explicitly states that the 'incapacity of scale' can reduce social relations and promote isolation, doing the opposite of enriching urban life. This is the single negative effect explicitly identified in the passage.

Question 9Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Klima-aldaketaren aurrean, gizarteak bi erantzun mota ditu aukera: arintze-politikak (emisioak murriztea) eta egokitze-politikak (aldaketa onartuz bizitzen ikastea). Adituek bi estrategiak aldi berean garatzea proposatzen dute, elkarren osagarri baitira eta elkarren beharra baitute." Testuaren arabera, adituek zer gomendatzen dute? (According to the text, what do experts recommend?)

  1. Lehenik eta behin emisio-murrizketan zentratzea (First focusing on emission reduction)
  2. Egokitze-politikak arintze-politiken ordez erabiltzea (Using adaptation policies instead of mitigation policies)
  3. Bi estrategiak aldi berean garatzea (Developing both strategies simultaneously) Correct answer.
  4. Teknologia berriak garatzea soilik (Only developing new technologies)

Explanation

The text clearly states that experts propose developing both strategies simultaneously because they are complementary and each requires the other. Neither mitigation nor adaptation alone is sufficient according to the experts cited.

Question 10Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Migrazioak historian zehar beti egon dira, baina gaur egun sare sozialen eta komunikazioen garapena dela eta, diasporak lehen baino askoz modu dinamikoagoan mantentzen du bere jatorrizko herrialdearekiko lotura. Hori erronka berri bat da, nola ulertu identitate bikoitzeko edo anizkoitzeko gizabanakoak." Zein da testuak aipatzen duen aldaketa nagusia gaur egungo migrazioan? (What is the main change in contemporary migration that the text mentions?)

  1. Migrazioak historikoki gora egin duela (That migration has historically increased)
  2. Jatorrizko herrialdearekiko loturak dinamikoagoak direla komunikazioaren garapenagatik (That ties to the homeland are more dynamic due to advances in communication) Correct answer.
  3. Identitate bikoitzeko pertsonak errazago integratzen direla (That people with dual identity integrate more easily)
  4. Sare sozialak migrazioa sustatzen duela (That social networks promote migration)

Explanation

The text specifically identifies social networks and communications development as the factor that allows diasporas to maintain a much more dynamic connection to their homeland than before. This is presented as the key novelty of contemporary migration.

Question 11Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Lurraren agortze-arazoa pentsatzen dugun baino hurbilago dago. Ur-baliabideak, nekazaritzarako lurrak eta biodibertsitate-espezieak ari dira murrizten urtez urte. Gure kontsumismo-ereduak, ikerketek erakusten dutenez, planetaren berriztatze-gaitasuna gainditzen du." Testuak zein mezu nagusi helarazi nahi du? (What main message does the text want to convey?)

  1. Kontsumoari buruzko ikerketa gehiago behar da (More research on consumption is needed)
  2. Gure kontsumismo-ereduak planetaren gaitasuna gainditzen du eta baliabideak agortzen ari dira (Our consumerist model exceeds the planet's capacity and resources are being depleted) Correct answer.
  3. Nekazaritzak jasangarriagoa izan behar du (Agriculture must be more sustainable)
  4. Lurraren berriztatze-gaitasuna hobetu behar da (The Earth's regeneration capacity must be improved)

Explanation

The passage integrates three specific claims - depletion of water, farmland, and biodiversity - and ties them all to consumerism exceeding planetary regeneration capacity. Option B captures both the cause (consumerist model) and the effect (resource depletion) that form the text's central message.

Question 12Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Eraginkortasunaren ikuspegitik, epe motzeko pentsamenduak epe luzeko emaitzetan kalte egiten dio. Konpainiek, herrialdeen eredu berean, sarritan galerak hartzeko gai ez izanik inbertsio estrategikoei uko egiten diete, eta hori bere burua hankaz gora jartzea da: lehiakortasun galera." Nola deskriba liteke egilearen posizioa? (How could the author's position be described?)

  1. Epe motzeko eta epe luzeko estrategien arteko orekan sinesten du (Believes in a balance between short- and long-term strategies)
  2. Epe motzeko pentsamendua kritikatu eta epe luzeko ikuspegia defendatzen du (Criticizes short-term thinking and defends a long-term perspective) Correct answer.
  3. Konpainiak eta gobernuak desberdindu behar direla argudiatzen du (Argues that companies and governments must be differentiated)
  4. Galerak onartzea estrategia txarra dela onartzen du (Acknowledges that accepting losses is a bad strategy)

Explanation

The author uses loaded language - 'kalte egiten dio' (harms it), 'hankaz gora jartzea' (turning itself upside down) - to criticize short-term thinking and its consequences (loss of competitiveness). The entire argument is structured as a defense of long-term investment perspective.

Question 13Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Jendarteak berrikuntzari jarraipen izugarria egiten dio teknologiaren arloan, baina askotan berrikuntza sozialari erantzun txikiagoa ematen dio. Aldaketa teknologikoak etekina itsasoratzen da azkar, eta gizarteko aldaketak, berriz, hamarkadak behar ditu hedatzeko. Bi aldaketa-abiadura hauek sinkronia gabeko garapenera eraman gaitzakete." Nola labur daiteke testuaren tesia? (How can the text's thesis be summarized?)

  1. Teknologiak gizartea azkar aldatzen du (Technology quickly changes society)
  2. Berrikuntza teknologiko eta sozialaren arteko desadostasun-abiadura arriskutsua da (The speed mismatch between technological and social innovation is dangerous) Correct answer.
  3. Berrikuntza sozialak garrantzi handiagoa du (Social innovation is more important)
  4. Jendarteak teknologiari ez dio garrantzirik ematen (Society does not give importance to technology)

Explanation

The core claim is that technological change spreads rapidly while social change takes decades, and this speed mismatch can lead to 'out-of-sync development.' Option B directly captures this mismatch and its problematic nature.

Question 14Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Osasun publikoaren ikuspegitik, ongizatearen adierazleak BPGa baino zehazkiago azaltzen ditu herrialde baten egoera erreala. Herrialde batzuek barne-produktu gordinen hazkundea dutela, herritarren bizi-kalitatea jaitsi egiten da, eta hori kontraesana iruditzen zait ekonomiaren eta ongizatearen arteko loturan." Egilearen arabera, zergatik ez da BPGa adierazle nahikoa? (According to the author, why is GDP not a sufficient indicator?)

  1. Osasun-sistemen kalitatea neurtzen ez duelako (Because it does not measure health system quality)
  2. BPGa altuak beti herritarren bizi-kalitate altua dakarrelako (Because high GDP always brings high quality of life)
  3. Hazkuntza ekonomikoa eta bizi-kalitatearen hobekuntza deskorrelazionatu daitezkeelako (Because economic growth and quality-of-life improvement can be decoupled) Correct answer.
  4. BPGa herrialdeen arteko alderaketak egiteko erabiltzen delako (Because GDP is used for international comparisons)

Explanation

The author's key argument is that some countries show BPG growth while citizens' quality of life actually falls - demonstrating that economic growth (BPG) and wellbeing can move in opposite directions. This decoupling is exactly why BPG alone is insufficient.

Question 15Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Azken hamarkadetan, hiri-josturaren aldaketek eta birgaitzeak auzo txiroenak gentrifikazioaren bidez eraldatu dituzte. Etxeen prezioen igoera eta bizimodu-aldaketa, nahiz eta ekonomikoki erakargarriak diren, bertako biztanleak kanporatzen ditu, haien komunitate-sare eta historia ezabatuz." Testuak zein ikuspegi du gentrifikazioari buruz? (What view does the text have on gentrification?)

  1. Ekonomikoki onuragarria eta onartzen du alde negatiboekin (Economically beneficial and accepts it with negative sides)
  2. Erabat alde egiten du auzo-birgaikuntzaren alde (Fully in favor of neighborhood regeneration)
  3. Kritikoa da gentrifikazioaren aurrean, bertako biztanleen kanporatzea eta komunitate-suntsiketa azpimarratzen dituelako (Critical of gentrification because it highlights displacement and community destruction) Correct answer.
  4. Neutrorik mantentzen da, bi aldeak aurkeztuz (Stays neutral, presenting both sides)

Explanation

While the text acknowledges economic attractiveness ('nahiz eta ekonomikoki erakargarriak diren'), it focuses on the harm done to original residents - displacement, destruction of social networks, and erasure of history. The overall stance is critical, not neutral or supportive.

Question 16Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Ikertzaileek aurkitu dute musika-hezkuntzak hainbat gaitasun kognitibo garatzen dituela aldi berean: memoriaren hobekuntza, arretaren garapen positiboa, lengoaia-gaitasunen hazkuntza. Azken ikerketek adierazten dutenez, musikarekin hasi diren haurrek abstrakzioa errazago lantzen dute gerora." Zein ondorio atera daiteke testuaren edukitik? (What conclusion can be drawn from the text's content?)

  1. Musika-hezkuntza matematika baino eraginkorragoa da (Music education is more effective than mathematics)
  2. Musika-hezkuntzak kognitiboki aberasten ditu haurrak eta pentsamendu abstraktua erraztu dezake (Music education cognitively enriches children and can facilitate abstract thinking) Correct answer.
  3. Haurrek musika ikasi nahi dutela soilik (That children only want to study music)
  4. Ikertzaileek musika lehenestea gomendatzen dutela eskoletan (That researchers recommend prioritizing music in schools)

Explanation

The text states multiple cognitive benefits of music education (memory, attention, language skills) and adds that children who began music earlier develop abstraction more easily. The reasonable conclusion is that music education cognitively enriches and can facilitate abstract thought - exactly what option B states.

Question 17Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Etorkizuneko generazioei buruz hitz egiten dugunean, sarritan abstrakzioan galtzen gara. Gure erabaki bakoitzak - kontsumo-aukerak, botoa, inbertsioak - ondorengoen gain-gain egingo du. Erantzukizun hori ez da eskualdagarria: gure denboraldiak hartu behar ditu." Zein da testuan 'eskualdagarria ez' dela esatearen zentzua? (What is the meaning of saying it is 'not transferable' in the text?)

  1. Beste norbaitek gure erantzukizuna har dezakeela (That someone else can take our responsibility)
  2. Erantzukizuna ez daitekeela hurrengo belaunaldiari pasa; guk behar dugu bete (That responsibility cannot be passed to the next generation; we must fulfill it) Correct answer.
  3. Erantzukizuna ez dela gizartearen zama (That responsibility is not society's burden)
  4. Ondorengoak ez direla arduratu behar (That descendants should not be concerned)

Explanation

'Eskualdagarria ez' (not transferable) means the responsibility cannot be handed off to another party - specifically future generations cannot be asked to solve what we cause today. The author is arguing that current generations must own this responsibility themselves.

Question 18Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Kulturarteko komunikazioa oso konplexua da, ez soilik hizkuntzen arteko diferentziagatik, baizik eta erreferentzia-marko, balioen sistema eta komunikazio-protokoloen diferentziagatik. Hiztunak bi hizkuntzak ondo jakiteak ez du bermatzen komunikazio eraginkorra: kulturaren barnealderantz ikasi behar da." Testuak zer argudio egiten du? (What argument does the text make?)

  1. Komunikaziorako hizkuntza bat baino gehiago jakin behar dela (That knowing more than one language is needed for communication)
  2. Hizkuntza-ezagutza bakarrik ez dela nahikoa komunikazio eragileko kulturartean (That language knowledge alone is not sufficient for effective intercultural communication) Correct answer.
  3. Kulturarteko komunikazioa ezinezkoa dela (That intercultural communication is impossible)
  4. Bi hizkuntzen jakintza kulturaren ezagutzaren berdina dela (That knowing two languages is equivalent to knowing the culture)

Explanation

The text's central argument is stated directly: knowing both languages well ('bi hizkuntzak ondo jakiteak') does not guarantee effective communication because cultural frameworks, values, and communication protocols also differ. Language knowledge is necessary but not sufficient.

Question 19Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Gizarte-sareek, azken batez, ez dute komunitate berririk sortu; existitzen ziren komunitateak indartu dituzte. Jada elkarri ezagunak zirenak elkarri topatzeko modu berriak dituzte, baina baztertu zirenak sarritan baztertu jarraitzen dute. Sare sozialen inklusioa mito bat da, zehazki." Nola ebaluatzen du egileak sare sozialak gizarte-kohesiorako? (How does the author evaluate social networks for social cohesion?)

  1. Tresna ezin hobeak direla gizarte-kohesiorako (That they are excellent tools for social cohesion)
  2. Kohesioan positiboki eta negatiboki lagundu dezaketela modu orekatuan (That they contribute to cohesion both positively and negatively in a balanced way)
  3. Inklusioa mito bat dela eta oinarrian existitzen ziren egitura sozialak indartu baizik ez dituztela egin (That inclusion is a myth and they have done nothing but reinforce existing social structures) Correct answer.
  4. Gazteentzat positiboak eta nagusientzat kaltegarriak direla (That they are positive for young people and harmful for older ones)

Explanation

The author's evaluative stance is explicitly critical: social networks have not created new communities (inclusion myth), they have merely strengthened existing ones. Those who were already excluded continue to be so. The author uses the sharp rhetorical move of calling social media inclusion 'a myth, precisely.'

Question 20Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Euskal dantza tradizionala ez da soilik arte-adierazpena; bere mugimenduen eta erritmoen bidez, komunitate-lotura, balio sozialak eta historia transmititzen ditu. Dantza-taldeak, gaur egungo gizartean, ez du soilik jaiak ospatzen; identitate kolektiboan parte-hartze aktiboa da." Zein funtzio aipatzen du testuak euskal dantza tradizionalentzat? (What functions does the text mention for traditional Basque dance?)

  1. Turismoa eta kanpoko ezagutza areagotzea (Increasing tourism and external recognition)
  2. Arte-adierazpena soilik (Only artistic expression)
  3. Arte-adierazpena, komunitate-lotura, balio sozialak eta historia transmititzea, eta identitate kolektiboan parte hartzea (Artistic expression, community bonding, transmitting social values and history, and participating in collective identity) Correct answer.
  4. Ekonomia lokala bultzatzea (Boosting the local economy)

Explanation

The text explicitly lists multiple functions: art expression, transmitting community bonds, social values, and history through movement and rhythm, and active participation in collective identity today. Option C is the only answer that includes all these stated functions.

Question 21Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Konpetentzia emozionala, gaur egungo kudeaketa-ikerketetan, trebetasun tekniko eta akademikoen pare edo gainetik kokatzen da lan-munduko eraginkortasunean. Norbere emozioak kudeatzeko gaitasuna eta besteenena ulertzeko gaitasuna - enpatia - lidergo efektiboen oinarriak dira." Zein da testuaren baieztapen nagusia? (What is the text's main claim?)

  1. Trebetasun teknikoak garrantzirik ez dutela (That technical skills have no importance)
  2. Konpetentzia emozionala lidergo eraginkorraren eta lan-eraginkortasunaren funtsezko osagaia dela (That emotional competence is a fundamental component of effective leadership and work effectiveness) Correct answer.
  3. Enpatia soilik emozioen kontrolerako erabiltzen dela (That empathy is only used for emotional control)
  4. Ikerketa akademikoak zalantzagarriak direla (That academic research is questionable)

Explanation

The text's central claim is that emotional competence - managing one's own emotions and understanding others' (empathy) - is placed at the same level as or above technical/academic skills in current management research for workplace effectiveness. Option B directly captures this claim.

Question 22Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Auzo-ekimena hori sortu zenean, denboran hamar eguneko iraupena zuen. Urte batzuk geroago, oraindik ari da exekutatzen eta parte-hartzaileak gehitu ditu. Ikerketa soziologikoek honelako ekimenen arrakastaren faktoreak aztertu dituzte: tokiko lidergo sendoa, baliabide-partekatzea eta helburuen errealistasuna aipatzen dituzte." Zein faktoreak aipatzen dituzte ikerketek ekimenen arrakastarako? (What factors do studies mention for initiative success?)

  1. Diru-laguntza publikoa, bektore instituzionala eta promozioa (Public funding, institutional vector, and promotion)
  2. Tokiko lidergo sendoa, baliabide-partekatzea eta helburuen errealistasuna (Strong local leadership, resource sharing, and realistic objectives) Correct answer.
  3. Parte-hartzaileen boluntariotasuna, tokiko mediatizazioa eta iraupena (Volunteerism, local media coverage, and duration)
  4. Parte-hartze altua eta gobernu-babesa (High participation and government support)

Explanation

The text explicitly names three factors cited by sociological research: 'tokiko lidergo sendoa' (strong local leadership), 'baliabide-partekatzea' (resource sharing), and 'helburuen errealistasuna' (realistic objectives). Option B is a direct extraction of these three factors.

Question 23Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurri testua eta erantzun galderari. "Intzidentzi-tasa jaitsi da azken urtean, baina birsortzeko indizeak gorantz egin du. Epidemiologoek diote bi adierazleak batera interpretatu behar direla: intzidentzia jaitsi, baina birsortzeko indizeak adierazten du hedapena saihestu gabe oraindik jarraituko duela. Arreta-puntua ez da gaur egungoa, etorkizunekoa baizik." Zein da epidemiologoen abisua testuan? (What is the epidemiologists' warning in the text?)

  1. Intzidentzia-tasa jaisteak ez duela ezer adierazten (That the falling incidence rate indicates nothing)
  2. Birsortzeko indize altuak etorkizunean epidemia berri bat dakartela (That a high reproduction index will bring a new epidemic in the future)
  3. Intzidentzia-tasa jaitsi arren, birsortzeko indizearen arabera hedapena jarraitu daitekeela eta etorkizuneko arriskua egon daitekeela (Even with falling incidence, the reproduction index indicates spread could continue and future risk remains) Correct answer.
  4. Intzidentzia eta birsortzeko indizeak beti aldi berean jaisten direla (That incidence and reproduction index always fall simultaneously)

Explanation

The epidemiologists say both indicators must be interpreted together. Even though incidence fell, the rising reproduction index means spread has not been prevented and will continue. The warning is forward-looking - 'arreta-puntua ez da gaur egungoa, etorkizunekoa baizik' (the point of concern is not the present, but the future).

Question 24Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun eta aukeratu zer adierazten duen hizlariak. [ENTZUNALDIA / LISTENING PASSAGE] "Uste dut plan berria beharrezkoa dela... nahiz eta batzuek ados ez egon... eta agian ez da momentu egokiena... baina beharbada hori da egin behar dena." Zein da hizlariaren jarrera nagusia? (What is the speaker's main attitude?)

  1. Plana argi eta garbi onesten du (Clearly approves the plan)
  2. Plana argi eta garbi baztertzen du (Clearly rejects the plan)
  3. Plana onesteko joera du, baina ziurgabetasuna eta erresistentziaren jakituria ditu (Leans toward approving the plan but with uncertainty and awareness of resistance) Correct answer.
  4. Planari buruz erabat arduragabe da (Is completely indifferent about the plan)

Explanation

The speaker uses multiple hedging devices: 'uste dut' (I think), 'nahiz eta batzuek ados ez egon' (even though some disagree), 'agian ez da momentu egokiena' (perhaps it is not the right moment), and 'beharbada' (perhaps). These signal approval leaning but qualified by genuine uncertainty and awareness that others resist the plan.

Question 25Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun elkarrizketa zatia eta erantzun galderari. [ENTZUNALDIA / LISTENING PASSAGE] Psikologoa: "Mina onartzeak ez du esan nahi errenditzeaz. Kontrara, mina onartzen dugunean, aurre egiteko baliabideak hobeto bil ditzakegu. Borroka hori, mina existitzen ez delakoan, energia galtzea da. Gakoa da minari tokia ematea eta aurrera jarraitzea, ez berarekin geratzen." Zein da psikologoaren argudio nagusia? (What is the psychologist's main argument?)

  1. Mina ekiditea osasun mentalaren gakoa dela (That avoiding pain is the key to mental health)
  2. Mina onartzeak ez du esan nahi berarekin geratzen dela, eta onarpena aurre-egite hobea da (That accepting pain does not mean staying with it, and acceptance leads to better coping) Correct answer.
  3. Psikologoak lagundu dezaketela mina gainditzen (That psychologists can help overcome pain)
  4. Borroka biologia-prozesu normala dela (That struggle is a normal biological process)

Explanation

The psychologist's argument has two key linked claims: (1) accepting pain is not the same as surrendering or staying with it, and (2) acceptance - rather than denying pain - frees resources to cope more effectively. Option B captures both elements of this nuanced argument.

Question 26Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun elkarrizketa zatia eta erantzun galderari. [ENTZUNALDIA / LISTENING PASSAGE] Bergizundea: "Zuk uste duzu goizeko trena hartuko duzula?" Mirari: "Oso zaila ikusten dut, garbi esan behar badut. Lehenago ateratzen banaiz, agian, baina zerbitzuaren urruntasuna kontuan hartuz... Egia esateko, ez nator bat zure asmoaren uste onaren erantzunarekin." Mirarik zer adierazten du? (What does Mirari express?)

  1. Trena hartzeko ziurtasun osoa du (Has complete certainty about catching the train)
  2. Trena hartzea zaila ikusten du eta zalantza adierazten du (Finds catching the train difficult and expresses doubt) Correct answer.
  3. Trena hartzeko inongo asmorik ez duela du (Has no intention of catching the train)
  4. Bergizundeak proposatutako planarekin ados dago (Agrees with Bergizunde's proposed plan)

Explanation

Mirari uses hedges: 'oso zaila ikusten dut' (I find it very difficult), 'agian' (maybe), 'garbi esan behar badut' (if I must speak frankly). These all signal doubt and difficulty - not impossibility, but not confidence either. She also expresses disagreement with Bergizunde's optimism about the plan.

Question 27Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun elkarrizketa zatia eta erantzun galderari. [ENTZUNALDIA / LISTENING PASSAGE] Adminitratzailea: "Ikasle ohi batek eskaera egin du beka berezi baterako. Arauak dioenez, beken xede nagusia ikasle aktiboak laguntzea da, ez ikasle ohiak. Hala ere, arauak zirkunstantzia bereziak aipatzen ditu salbuespen gisa." Zein da egoeraren korapiloaren nukleo administratiboa? (What is the administrative core of the dilemma?)

  1. Bekarik ez dagoela eskatzaile honi emateko (That there is no scholarship to give this applicant)
  2. Ikasle ohiak beka eskaera egiteko eskubiderik ez duela (That the alumnus has no right to apply for a scholarship)
  3. Arauak ikasle aktiboak lehenesten dituela baina salbuespenak onartzen dituela, eta egoera hori interpretazio behar duela (That rules prioritize active students but allow exceptions, and this situation requires interpretation) Correct answer.
  4. Ikasle ohiak eskaera epe-barrutik kanpo egin duela (That the alumnus submitted the request outside the deadline)

Explanation

The administrator frames the dilemma exactly: the rule's primary purpose (active students) conflicts with the applicant's status (alumnus), but the same rule provides for exceptional circumstances. Whether this qualifies is an interpretive question - the administrative 'knot' is this rule-versus-exception tension.

Question 28Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun elkarrizketa zatia eta erantzun galderari. [ENTZUNALDIA / LISTENING PASSAGE] Aholkularia: "Merkatu-analisiaren arabera, produktua berriz posizionatu behar dugu. Gaur egungo bezero-segmentuak gure aurreikuspenekin bat ez datorren jarrera du. Gomendatzen dut hurrengo hilabetean lehentasunezko bezero-taldearen azterlan sakonagoa egitea, gero erabakiak hartu aurretik." Zer ekintza proposatzen du aholkulariak lehenbizi? (What action does the consultant propose first?)

  1. Produktua berehala berriz posizionatzea (Repositioning the product immediately)
  2. Erabakiak berehala hartzea (Making decisions immediately)
  3. Lehentasunezko bezero-taldearen azterlan sakonagoa hurrengo hilabetean (A deeper study of the priority customer group next month) Correct answer.
  4. Marketin-kanpaina berri bat abiaraztea (Launching a new marketing campaign)

Explanation

The consultant explicitly recommends first doing a deeper study of the priority customer group - 'hurrengo hilabetean lehentasunezko bezero-taldearen azterlan sakonagoa egitea' - and only then making decisions ('gero erabakiak hartu aurretik'). Analysis precedes action in the proposed sequence.

Question 29Basque written listening scripts and interaction

Entzun elkarrizketa zatia eta erantzun galderari. [ENTZUNALDIA / LISTENING PASSAGE] Klimatologoa: "Duela 50 urte, hiri honetako tenperatura-batez bestekoa 14,2ºC zen. Gaur egun, 15,7ºC-koa da. Gorialdeak - 35ºC baino gehiagoko egunak - urtean hiruna aldiz gertatzen ziren; orain hogeita hamar aldiz baino gehiago gertatzen dira. Jende askok ez du arazo hori hautematen, baina datuek argi hitz egiten dute." Zein kontraste aurkezten du klimatologoak? (What contrast does the climatologist present?)

  1. Iraganeko eta oraingo tenperatura-datu eta gorialdeen maiztasunaren arteko kontraste dramatikoa (A dramatic contrast between past and present temperature data and heat wave frequency) Correct answer.
  2. Hiri honetan eta beste herrialde batzuetan gertatzen denaren arteko kontraste (A contrast between what happens in this city and other countries)
  3. Jende batzuen pertzepzioa eta zientzialarien iritziaren arteko kontraste (A contrast between some people's perception and scientists' opinion)
  4. Energiaren erabilera iraganean eta gaur egun (Energy use in the past and today)

Explanation

The climatologist presents two sets of contrasting data: average temperature then (14.2°C) vs. now (15.7°C), and heat waves then (3 per year) vs. now (more than 30 per year). These before-after contrasts in actual temperature data form the core of the presentation.

Question 30Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'berehalakotasun' hitzaren esanahi zuzena. (Choose the correct meaning of 'berehalakotasun'.)

  1. Harrotasun edo jauntasun sentimendua (A feeling of pride or lordship)
  2. Berehala gertatzeko edo erantzuteko nolakotasuna; urgentzia (The quality of happening or responding immediately; urgency) Correct answer.
  3. Beldurra edo urduritasuna (Fear or nervousness)
  4. Pazientzia eta itxaroteko gaitasuna (Patience and the ability to wait)

Explanation

'Berehalakotasun' derives from 'berehala' (immediately/at once) + the nominalizing suffix '-tasun.' It denotes the quality or state of immediacy - the property of something that happens instantly or requires instant response. It is used in media, administrative, and academic registers.

Question 31Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'berotasun' hitzaren erabilera metaforikoa perpaus honetan: "Haren hitzek berotasun berezia zuten entzuleentzat." (Choose the metaphorical use of 'berotasun' [warmth] in: 'His words had a special warmth for the listeners.')

  1. Tenperatura fisikoa (Physical temperature)
  2. Abegikortasuna, hunkidura edo sentimenduzko edukia (Warmth in the sense of cordiality, emotional resonance, or feeling) Correct answer.
  3. Bozkarioa edo poza (Joy or happiness)
  4. Oldarreko energia (Energetic impulse)

Explanation

In this sentence 'berotasun' is used metaphorically to mean emotional warmth, cordiality, or affective resonance - the quality of words that connect with and move listeners emotionally. This metaphorical extension of 'warmth' from physical to interpersonal register is standard C1-level figurative language.

Question 32Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'larri egon' eta 'kezkatuta egon' adierazpideen arteko diferentzia funtzionala. (Choose the functional difference between 'larri egon' and 'kezkatuta egon'.)

  1. Biak hitz berdina dira (They are the same expression)
  2. 'Larri egon' urduritasun edo ezinegon akutu eta handiagoa adierazten du; 'kezkatuta egon' kezkatzeko arrazoi bati buruzko pentsamendu jarraitua (Worried thought about a cause) Correct answer.
  3. 'Kezkatuta egon' fisikoa da eta 'larri egon' psikologikoa (Kezkatuta egon is physical and larri egon is psychological)
  4. 'Larri egon' soilik mediku testuinguruetan erabiltzen da ('Larri egon' is only used in medical contexts)

Explanation

'Larri egon' expresses acute distress, anguish, or severe unease - a stronger, more immediate sense of being in bad straits. 'Kezkatuta egon' means to be worried - a cognitive-affective state of ongoing concern about something. The difference is one of intensity and nature: acute distress vs. sustained cognitive worry.

Question 33Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'higatze' hitzaren esanahi egokiena testuinguru ekonomikoan: (Choose the most appropriate meaning of 'higatze' in an economic context.)

  1. Erosotasun handitzen (Increasing comfort)
  2. Laneko sektoreetan espezializazioa (Specialization in work sectors)
  3. Materialen eta baliabideen apurtu-apurtu txikia; amortizazioa (Gradual wear and depletion of materials and resources; depreciation/amortization) Correct answer.
  4. Marketin teknikak (Marketing techniques)

Explanation

'Higatze' (from 'higatu' - to wear down/erode) in economic contexts means gradual wear, depletion, or depreciation - the wearing-away of the value or utility of fixed assets over time, equivalent to 'amortización/depreciación' in Spanish-language economics. It is also used for physical erosion (materials science) and metaphorical wear (social cohesion, etc.).

Question 34Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu kontrakorik ez duen bikote lexikala 'nahaste-borraste' bezalako konposatu idiomatic bati dagokiona: (Choose what the idiomatic compound 'nahaste-borraste' typically describes.)

  1. Espazio oso ordenatua eta garbia (A very orderly and clean space)
  2. Nahastura, kaosa edo ordena-falta handia (Great confusion, chaos, or lack of order) Correct answer.
  3. Erantzun argi eta zehatza (A clear and precise answer)
  4. Pertsona isila eta begirunetsua (A silent and respectful person)

Explanation

'Nahaste-borraste' is an idiomatic reduplicated compound (a common Basque morphological pattern) meaning great disorder, chaos, or confusion - 'nahaste' (mixing/confusion) + 'borraste' (disorder, a sound-symbolism reinforcement). Used colloquially and literarily to describe situations of total disarray.

Question 35Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu kontzeptu bakoitzari ondo dagokion hitza: "Teorian onartu baina praktikan ez jarri" - Zein hitz laburbiltzen du hobekien kontzeptu hau? (Choose the word that best summarizes: 'Accepted in theory but not put into practice.')

  1. Hutsa (empty/void)
  2. Alferrikakoa (useless/in vain)
  3. Letra hutsa (mere words / dead letter) Correct answer.
  4. Bitartekoa (intermediate)

Explanation

'Letra hutsa' (literally 'empty letter') is the Basque idiomatic expression for a law, agreement, or principle that exists on paper but is not implemented in practice - a 'dead letter.' It is the most precise match for the described concept of theory-practice gap in formal or legislative contexts.

Question 36Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'itxaropentsu' eta 'itxaropena duen' arteko diferentzia stilistikoa. (Choose the stylistic difference between 'itxaropentsu' and 'itxaropena duen'.)

  1. Biak identiko dira esanahi eta erabilera aldetik (Both are identical in meaning and use)
  2. 'Itxaropentsu' adjektibo trinko sintetikoa da; 'itxaropena duen' deskriptibo perifrasia da - lehenak estilo biziagoari dagokio (The first is a compact synthetic adjective; the second is a descriptive periphrasis - the first belongs to a more vivid/literary style) Correct answer.
  3. 'Itxaropena duen' erregistro akademikoa da eta 'itxaropentsu' kolokiala (The first is academic register and the second colloquial)
  4. 'Itxaropentsu' soilik pertsonez hitz egiteko erabiltzen da (Itxaropentsu is only used for people)

Explanation

'Itxaropentsu' is a synthetic adjective formed with the suffix '-tsu' (full of, rich in), meaning 'hopeful/full of hope.' 'Itxaropena duen' is a relative clause meaning 'that has hope.' While semantically similar, the synthetic '-tsu' form is more compact, literary, and stylistically forceful - preferred in narrative prose and poetry. The periphrastic form is more analytical.

Question 37Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'erdi-' aurrizkiaren erabilera zuzena hitz konposatuetan: (Choose the correct use of the prefix 'erdi-' [half / semi-] in compound words.)

  1. erdizka lan egitea (working half-heartedly / in a halfway fashion)
  2. erdi-lo egotea (to be half-asleep)
  3. erdizkatuta geratzea (to remain half-done/unfinished)
  4. Hiru eredu guztiak zuzenak dira (All three examples are correct) Correct answer.

Explanation

'Erdi-' is a productive prefix in Basque meaning 'half, semi-, partially.' All three forms are legitimate: 'erdizka' (halfway, partially), 'erdi-lo' (half-asleep), 'erdizkatuta' (left half-done). The prefix combines freely with adjectives, nouns, and verbal forms to create new compounds.

Question 38Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'begirune' hitzaren definizioa eta esanahi-ñabardura. (Choose the definition and meaning nuance of 'begirune'.)

  1. Arreta eta ikusmen fisikoa (Attention and physical sight)
  2. Begirada zorrotza edo azterketa (Sharp gaze or scrutiny)
  3. Errespetua, kontuan hartzea edo zaintza sentimendutsua beste baten aurrean (Respect, consideration, or caring regard toward another) Correct answer.
  4. Arduragabekeria (Carelessness)

Explanation

'Begirune' derives from 'begiratu' (to look after/to care for/to show consideration) + '-une/-ne' (nominalizing suffix). Its meaning is 'respect, deference, regard, consideration' - the quality of treating someone with care and respect. It appears in formal, literary, and everyday Basque to express respectful attention toward others.

Question 39Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'hizpide' eta 'mintzagai' hitzen arteko diferentzia. (Choose the difference between 'hizpide' and 'mintzagai'.)

  1. 'Hizpide' eztabaida negatiboen objektua da eta 'mintzagai' positiboa (Hizpide is the object of negative discussions and mintzagai is for positive ones)
  2. Biak oso antzekoak dira - biek hizketa-gai edo eztabaida-gaiari egiten diote erreferentzia; 'hizpide' sarri erabiltzen da 'gai bihurtu' esanahiarekin, 'mintzagai' analisi-gai formalagoan (Both are very similar - both refer to a topic of speech/discussion; 'hizpide' often carries 'to become a talking point,' 'mintzagai' more formal analysis topic) Correct answer.
  3. 'Hizpide' lagunarteko hizketarako eta 'mintzagai' idatzizko testuetarako (Hizpide is for informal speech and mintzagai for written texts)
  4. Bata izen-motakoa eta bestea aditz-motakoa da (One is noun-type and the other verb-type)

Explanation

Both 'hizpide' (speech + topic compound) and 'mintzagai' (speech + matter compound) mean 'topic of conversation/discussion.' In practice, 'hizpide' often appears in 'hizpide bihurtu' (to become a topic/talking point) with a slightly informal or current-affairs flavor, while 'mintzagai' is used more often in formal/academic contexts to mean 'the subject under discussion.'

Question 40Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Aukeratu 'arazo' eta 'arazo larri' artean aldea agertzen duen perpaus egokiena C1 mailan: (Choose the sentence that most clearly distinguishes 'arazo' [problem] from 'arazo larri' [serious problem] at C1 level.)

  1. Arazoa larria da. (The problem is serious.)
  2. Arazo bat dago. (There is a problem.)
  3. Arazo larriak agertzen dira, eta horiek konpontzeko tresna egokiak behar ditugu gizarte-adostasunaren bidez. (Serious problems are emerging, and to address them we need appropriate tools through social consensus.) Correct answer.
  4. Arazo txiki bat dugu. (We have a small problem.)

Explanation

At C1 level, the distinction between 'arazo' and 'arazo larria' is best demonstrated in a sentence that contextualizes the gravity and proposes a complex response. Option C uses 'arazo larriak' in a sentence with academic-register features ('gizarte-adostasunaren bidez' - through social consensus) that signal C1 lexical-syntactic competence.

Question 41Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurketa. Testua: «Gaur goizean goiz jaiki naiz. Lehenengo kafea hartu dut, gero dutxatu naiz eta gero gosaria egin dut. Ogiarekin gurina eta marmelada jarri ditut.» (Reading. Text: "This morning I got up early. First I had coffee, then I showered and then I had breakfast. I put butter and jam on the bread.") Zer jan du gosarian? (What did the speaker eat for breakfast?)

  1. Ogia gurinarekin eta marmeladarekin (Bread with butter and jam) Correct answer.
  2. Kafea eta ogia (Coffee and bread)
  3. Ogia gazta eta urdaiazpikoarekin (Bread with cheese and ham)
  4. Fruta eta jogurta (Fruit and yoghurt)

Explanation

The text explicitly states 'Ogiarekin gurina eta marmelada jarri ditut' (I put butter and jam on the bread). The question tests specific detail retrieval at B1 reading level.

Question 42Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurketa. Testua: «Jon atletismoan oso ona da. Astean hirutan entrenatzen da eta maratoietan parte hartzen du. Iaz Donostiako maratoia lehen amaitu zuen.» (Reading. Text: "Jon is very good at athletics. He trains three times a week and takes part in marathons. Last year he finished the San Sebastian marathon first.") Zenbat aldiz entrenatzen da Jon astean? (How many times a week does Jon train?)

  1. Astean bitan (Twice a week)
  2. Astean hirutan (Three times a week) Correct answer.
  3. Astean lauetan (Four times a week)
  4. Egunero (Every day)

Explanation

The text states 'Astean hirutan entrenatzen da' (He trains three times a week). This is a straightforward detail-retrieval task with number comprehension at B1.

Question 43Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurketa. Testua: «Ane eta Mikel kafe bat hartzen ari dira. Anek esan du: 'Bihar goizean ezin izango naiz etorri lanera; medikuarengana joan behar dut.' Mikelek erantzun du: 'Ez kezkatu, neuk esango diot buruari.'» (Reading. Text: "Ane and Mikel are having a coffee. Ane said: 'Tomorrow morning I won't be able to come to work; I have to go to the doctor.' Mikel replied: 'Don't worry, I'll tell the boss myself.'") Zer egingo du Mikelek? (What will Mikel do?)

  1. Medikuarengana joango da (He will go to the doctor)
  2. Buruari Aneren berri emango dio (He will tell the boss about Ane) Correct answer.
  3. Berandu etorriko da lanera (He will come to work late)
  4. Ane lagunduko du medikuarengana (He will accompany Ane to the doctor)

Explanation

Mikel says 'neuk esango diot buruari' (I myself will tell the boss), meaning he will inform the boss on Ane's behalf. At B1, reading short dialogues and identifying what a character intends to do is a core task.

Question 44Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurketa. Testua: «Herrian azoka bat dago igandero. Baserritarrek fruta, barazki eta gazta saltzen dute bertan. Jendeak gustura etortzen da bertako produktuak erostera eta elkar ikusteko.» (Reading. Text: "There is a market in the village every Sunday. Farmers sell fruit, vegetables and cheese there. People enjoy coming to buy local produce and to see each other.") Zer saltzen da azokan? (What is sold at the market?)

  1. Arropa eta oinetakoak (Clothes and shoes)
  2. Fruta, barazkiak eta gazta (Fruit, vegetables and cheese) Correct answer.
  3. Ogia eta gozokiak soilik (Only bread and sweets)
  4. Arrain freskoa (Fresh fish)

Explanation

The text explicitly lists 'fruta, barazki eta gazta' (fruit, vegetables and cheese) as what farmers sell. This is a direct detail retrieval question.

Question 45Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurketa. Testua: «Gaur egun, teknologiaren aurrerapenek lan egiteko modua aldatu dute. Etxetik lan egitea posible da orain, eta hori aukera ona da zenbaitentzat, baina beste batzuek bulegoko giroa nahiago dute.» (Reading. Text: "Nowadays, technological advances have changed the way people work. Working from home is now possible, and this is a good option for some people, but others prefer the office environment.") Zein da testuaren gaia? (What is the subject of the text?)

  1. Teknologiaren arriskuak (The risks of technology)
  2. Lan egiteko modu berriak (New ways of working) Correct answer.
  3. Bulegoko langileen arazoak (Problems of office workers)
  4. Etxebizitzen prezioak (Housing prices)

Explanation

The text discusses how technology has changed the way people work and compares remote work with office work. The main topic is new ways of working, making option 1 the best summary.

Question 46Basque reading and justified interpretation

Irakurketa. Testua: «Udaberrian, lore ugari agertzen dira mendietan. Mendizaleak igo ohi dira, eta bidean flora aberatsa ikusten dute. Batzuek argazkiak ateratzen dituzte eta sare sozialetan argitaratzen dituzte.» (Reading. Text: "In spring, many flowers appear in the mountains. Hikers usually go up, and they see the rich flora along the way. Some take photos and post them on social media.") Nor joaten da mendira testuaren arabera? (According to the text, who goes to the mountains?)

  1. Nekazariak (Farmers)
  2. Mendizaleak (Hikers / mountain walkers) Correct answer.
  3. Argazkilariak soilik (Only photographers)
  4. Turistak (Tourists)

Explanation

The text explicitly names 'mendizaleak' (hikers/mountain walkers) as the people who go up the mountains. Some of them also take photos but that is a secondary detail.

Question 47Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Hiztegia. Aukeratu esanahia: 'Kezkatuta nago' (Vocabulary. Choose the meaning: 'Kezkatuta nago')

  1. Pozik nago (I am happy)
  2. Aspertuta nago (I am bored)
  3. Arduratuta / larrituta nago (I am worried) Correct answer.
  4. Nekatuta nago (I am tired)

Explanation

'Kezkatuta' is the participial form of 'kezkatu' (to worry/concern), so 'kezkatuta nago' means 'I am worried'. This is a common B1 emotional vocabulary item.

Question 48Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Hiztegia. Aukeratu sinonimoa: 'Hasi' hitzaren sinonimoa zein da? (Vocabulary. Choose the synonym: What is a synonym of 'hasi'?)

  1. Bukatu (to finish)
  2. Jarraitu (to continue)
  3. Abiatu / ekiN (to start / to begin) Correct answer.
  4. Gelditu (to stop)

Explanation

'Hasi' means 'to begin/start'. Its synonyms at B1 include 'abiatu' and 'ekin' (to begin, to undertake). Understanding synonyms is tested in HABE B1 vocabulary tasks.

Question 49Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Hiztegia. Aukeratu itzulpen zuzena: 'Ardura' hitzaren esanahia: (Vocabulary. Choose the correct translation: The meaning of 'ardura':)

  1. Responsibility / concern / care Correct answer.
  2. Freedom / liberty
  3. Pleasure / enjoyment
  4. Noise / disturbance

Explanation

'Ardura' means responsibility, concern, or care. It appears in common B1 expressions such as 'ardura du' (he/she is in charge of / cares about) and 'arduratuta' (worried, concerned).

Question 50Basque contextual vocabulary and language review

Hiztegia. Aukeratu esanahia: 'Harremanetan jarri' esapridearen esanahia: (Vocabulary. Choose the meaning of the expression 'harremanetan jarri':)

  1. To get in touch / to contact Correct answer.
  2. To make friends
  3. To start a relationship
  4. To go to a meeting

Explanation

'Harremanetan jarri' is a very common B1 phrase meaning 'to get in touch / to contact someone'. It frequently appears in notices and formal texts: 'Jarri gurekin harremanetan' = 'Contact us'.