Croatian Citizenship Test flashcards
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- Croatian Constitution date
- The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia was adopted on 22 December 1990 and has been amended several times, including in 1997, 2000, 2001, and 2010.
- Sabor composition
- The Croatian Parliament (Sabor) is unicameral with between 100 and 160 members elected for four-year terms, including guaranteed seats for national minorities.
- President term and powers
- The President is elected directly for five years, may serve a maximum of two terms, is commander-in-chief, and may dissolve the Sabor at the Government's request.
- Constitutional Court size
- The Constitutional Court has 13 judges appointed by the Sabor for eight-year terms; it reviews constitutionality and decides electoral and impeachment matters.
- Vote of no confidence
- The Sabor may pass a vote of no confidence in the Government by a majority of all members, after which the Government's mandate ends.
- Croatia's EU accession
- Croatia became a member of the European Union on 1 July 2013 and joined the Schengen Area and the euro area on 1 January 2023.
- Local self-government units
- Croatia's local self-government units are municipalities (općine) and towns or cities (gradovi); counties (županije) are units of regional self-government.
- Zagreb special status
- The City of Zagreb has a special status under the Constitution and law, functioning both as a city and as a county-level unit.
- Continental civil-law tradition
- Croatia follows continental civil law: the Constitution and ratified treaties rank above statutes, and court precedent is persuasive rather than formally binding.
- Limits on constitutional rights
- Rights may be restricted only by law, for purposes such as protecting others' rights, public order, morality, or security, and restrictions must be proportionate.
- Citizens' constitutional duties
- The Constitution requires citizens to obey the law, pay taxes, defend the country, protect the environment and cultural heritage, and educate their children.
- Croatian Ombudsman role
- The Ombudsman (Pučki pravobranitelj) protects citizens' constitutional and legal rights in dealings with state administration and may investigate complaints.
- Criminal Procedure Act
- The Zakon o kaznenom postupku governs criminal proceedings; the public prosecutor conducts prosecution while courts adjudicate independently.
- Croatian citizenship acquisition
- Citizenship is acquired by descent (ius sanguinis), birth on Croatian territory, naturalisation, or international treaty; dual citizenship is generally permitted.
- Pacta Conventa 1102
- The Pacta Conventa tradition marks the 1102 personal union of Croatia with Hungary under a shared monarch, while Croatia retained its own institutions.
- Dubrovnik Republic
- The Republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik) was an independent maritime republic flourishing from the 14th to the 19th century, known for diplomacy and early abolition of slavery.
- Illyrian Movement
- The Illyrian Movement of the 1830s and 1840s, led by Ljudevit Gaj, promoted Croatian national revival and standardisation on the štokavian dialect.
- Croatian independence date
- Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991; the Homeland War continued until 1995, ending with Operations Flash and Storm.
- Erdut Agreement 1995
- The 1995 Erdut Agreement provided for the peaceful reintegration of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium into Croatia under UN administration.
- Baška Tablet
- The Baška Tablet, dated around 1100, is one of the oldest monuments of Croatian Glagolitic literacy and records a donation by King Zvonimir.
- UNESCO sites in Croatia
- Croatia's UNESCO World Heritage sites include Dubrovnik's Old City, Diocletian's Palace in Split, Plitvice Lakes, the Euphrasian Basilica in Poreč, and Trogir's historic core.
- Marko Marulić
- Marko Marulić (1450–1524) is considered the father of Croatian literature, best known for his epic Judita, written in 1501.
- Croatian alphabet
- Croatian uses the Gaj Latin alphabet of 30 letters, including č, ć, đ, š, ž, and the digraphs lj, nj, and dž.
- Croatian coat of arms
- The coat of arms is a red shield with a chequy field of 25 red and white squares, topped by five historical crowns representing Croatian regions.
- Croatian national anthem
- The anthem 'Lijepa naša domovino' has lyrics by Antun Mihanović and music by Josip Runjanin; it was officially adopted in 1991.
- Croatian cases
- Croatian nouns and adjectives decline through seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.
- Croatian currency since 2023
- Croatia adopted the euro as its currency on 1 January 2023, replacing the Croatian kuna at the fixed conversion rate of 7.53450 kuna per euro.
- Croatian language day
- The Day of the Croatian Language is observed on 11 March, commemorating the 1847 decision of the Croatian Sabor to make Croatian the official language.
- Croatia's highest peak
- Dinara, also called Sinjal, is Croatia's highest peak at 1,831 metres above sea level, located on the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Croatian counties number
- Croatia is divided into 20 counties (županije) plus the City of Zagreb, which has the status of both a city and a county.
- 2021 census population
- The 2021 census recorded about 3.87 million inhabitants in Croatia; Croats form about 91 percent and Serbs the largest minority at about 3.2 percent.
- Croatian health insurance
- The Croatian Health Insurance Fund (HZZO) administers compulsory health insurance; insured persons choose a general practitioner for primary care.