HTCC CCE flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity

A stroke-specific impairment measure with 33 items and a 66-point maximum; a change of about 5-6 points is commonly cited as clinically important.

Action Research Arm Test

A 19-item activity measure of upper limb function scored to 57 points, assessing grasp, grip, pinch, and gross movement with real objects.

Modified Ashworth Scale

A 0-4 ordinal scale (including grade 1+) measuring velocity-dependent resistance to passive stretch, used to grade spasticity rather than contracture.

Constraint-induced movement therapy

Restraining the less-affected limb for most waking hours over about two weeks while shaping the more affected limb with task practice.

Modified CIMT

A shorter restraint protocol, often about six hours daily for two to three weeks, combined with shaping and functional task practice.

Scapulohumeral rhythm

The roughly 2:1 ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic motion during shoulder elevation; loss of scapular upward rotation contributes to impingement.

Rotator cuff force couple

Deltoid and supraspinatus elevate the humerus while infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis compress the head, preventing superior migration.

Shoulder subluxation assessment

Palpate the gap between acromion and humeral head; manage with positioning and supportive sling, avoiding overhead pulley exercises.

Brunnstrom stages

Six stages describing stereotyped post-stroke motor recovery from flaccidity through synergy-based movement to isolated, out-of-synergy control.

MRC muscle grading

A 0-5 scale: 0 no contraction, 1 trace, 2 gravity-eliminated, 3 against gravity, 4 against gravity plus some resistance, 5 normal.

Grip strength protocol

Seated with shoulder adducted, elbow at 90 degrees, forearm neutral, wrist slightly extended; average three trials and compare with the uninvolved side.

Nine-Hole Peg Test

A dexterity measure timing placement and removal of nine pegs; compare bilaterally and use standardized positioning and instructions.

Box and Block Test

A gross manual dexterity measure counting blocks transferred in 60 seconds; simple, reliable, and useful for tracking activity-level change.

Seddon nerve injury classification

Neurapraxia is conduction block with full recovery, axonotmesis is axon loss with intact sheath, and neurotmesis is complete disruption requiring surgery.

Wallerian degeneration

Degeneration of the axon distal to a nerve injury followed by regeneration at roughly one millimeter per day under favorable conditions.

Erb's palsy

A C5-C6 brachial plexus injury impairing shoulder abduction and elbow flexion, often from traction during birth or trauma.

Klumpke's palsy

A C8-T1 brachial plexus injury affecting hand intrinsics and finger flexors, sometimes with Horner syndrome.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Median nerve compression at the wrist causing nocturnal paresthesia in thumb, index, and middle digits; Phalen and Tinel tests provoke symptoms.

Complex regional pain syndrome

Disproportionate pain, edema, trophic and vasomotor changes, and allodynia; manage with gentle graded movement, desensitization, and edema control.

Frozen shoulder stages

Painful freezing phase, frozen phase, and thawing phase; aggressive stretching during the painful phase may worsen symptoms.

Rotator cuff rehabilitation phases

Progression from pain control and isometrics to active-assisted motion, scapular stabilization, then progressive resistance and functional overhead tasks.

PNF D1 flexion pattern

A diagonal pattern combining shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation with elbow flexion, used to facilitate weak upper limb muscles.

Motor learning stages

Cognitive, associative, and autonomous stages; feedback and practice structure should match the learner's stage of skill acquisition.

Blocked versus random practice

Blocked practice supports early acquisition, while random and variable practice improve retention and transfer of motor skills.

Knowledge of performance

Feedback about movement quality; useful early in learning, then faded to promote intrinsic feedback and retention.

Mirror therapy

Using a mirror to create an illusion of affected limb movement; an adjunct for post-stroke paresis and phantom limb pain.

Functional electrical stimulation

Electrical stimulation assisting grasp or reducing subluxation; contraindicated with implanted cardiac devices, pregnancy over the area, or active malignancy.

Botulinum toxin for spasticity

Focal chemodenervation with peak effect around two to six weeks and duration of about three to four months; pair with stretching and functional training.

Tendon gliding positions

Five hand positions (straight, hook, full fist, tabletop, straight fist) used to promote tendon excursion and reduce adhesions.

Nerve gliding exercises

Graded tension positions for median, ulnar, or radial nerves; perform gently and stop if symptoms increase.

Edema management in hand

Elevation above heart level, compression, retrograde massage, and active exercise to prevent stiffness and fibrosis.

Anti-deformity burn positioning

Shoulder abduction, elbow extension, wrist extension, and metacarpophalangeal flexion with splinting and exercise to prevent contracture.