Hungary KRESZ Category BE Theory Exam cheat sheet

The KRESZ (1/1975. KPM–BM decree) is the Hungarian national road traffic regulation; it applies to public roads and to private roads open to public traffic.

Key definitions: 'úttest' = carriageway used by vehicles; 'úttest széle' = carriageway edge; 'járda' = pavement for pedestrians; 'út' includes carriageway, pavement and verge.

'Gépjármű' (motor vehicle) is a power-driven vehicle; a BE combination is a category B vehicle towing a trailer whose permissible maximum mass exceeds 750 kg.

'Látótávolság' (sight distance) means the distance at which the driver can see the road ahead clearly; 'féktávolság' is the braking distance.

The regulation ranks participants: pedestrians, then non-motorised, then motor vehicles; heavier and faster categories bear greater responsibility.

Traffic may be controlled by police officers, light signals, signs and road markings - in that order of precedence when they conflict.

A 'kerékpársáv' is a marked cycle lane on the carriageway; a 'kerékpárút' is a separate cycle track.

'Megállás' (stopping) means halting for up to 5 minutes; 'várakozás' (parking) means halting for longer than 5 minutes.

Pedestrians must use the pavement; where none exists they use the left verge facing oncoming traffic on roads outside built-up areas.

At a marked pedestrian crossing (zebra) pedestrians have priority once they have stepped onto the carriageway; drivers must stop and give way.

Cyclists ride on the right-hand side of the carriageway, single file, and must use a marked cycle lane or cycle track where one exists.

A cyclist under 12 years may ride on the pavement only if accompanied by a person over 14; otherwise cycling on the pavement is prohibited.

Animal-drawn vehicles travel on the right and the driver must control the animals; animals being herded are led on the verge.

Mopeds and bicycles must not be ridden on motorways or expressways; slow vehicles must keep to the right-hand edge.

Special categories (agricultural, works vehicles) must display the prescribed warning signs and may be subject to route restrictions.

A person leading or herding animals must give way to vehicles; the animals must not obstruct traffic unnecessarily.

Warning signs are triangular with a red border; prohibition signs are circular with a red border; mandatory signs are circular blue; information signs are rectangular.

'Elsőbbségadás kötelező' (Yield / Give way) is an inverted red triangle; 'Állj! Elsőbbségadás kötelező' (STOP) is an octagon.

A yellow diamond sign ('Főútvonal') marks a priority road; the same sign with a black bar marks the end of that priority.

Continuous (solid) white lines must not be crossed; broken lines may be crossed when it is safe and permitted.

A double continuous line separates opposing traffic and must not be crossed; a continuous line on the driver's side controls that driver.

Traffic lights: red = stop before the stop line; flashing amber = proceed only if the way is clear; green = proceed when safe.

A green arrow on a traffic light permits movement in the arrow direction even when the main light is red, if the way is clear.

Road markings override signs only where the regulation so provides; police signals override both signs and lights.

Vehicles drive on the right-hand side of the carriageway and keep as far right as practicable without endangering others.

On multi-lane roads in built-up areas, drivers may choose the lane that suits their direction; outside built-up areas they keep to the right lane except when overtaking.

General speed limits: 50 km/h in built-up areas, 90 km/h outside built-up areas, 110 km/h on expressways, 130 km/h on motorways.

A category B vehicle towing a trailer (BE combination) is limited to 80 km/h outside built-up areas and on motorways/expressways.

Following distance: at least the distance travelled in 2 seconds; in poor visibility or with a loaded trailer, increase it.

A driver must reduce speed near pedestrian crossings, schools, bends, hill crests and where visibility is restricted.

The speed must allow stopping within the visible clear distance ahead (sight distance rule).

A BE combination must not exceed the lowest limit applying to the combination, including any trailer-specific restriction.

At an unmarked intersection of equal roads, the vehicle approaching from the right has priority ('jobbról jövő elsőbbsége').

A priority road (yellow diamond) gives its traffic priority over vehicles entering from side roads.

At a T-junction where one road ends, traffic on the through road has priority unless signs say otherwise.

When turning left, the driver must give way to oncoming traffic going straight or turning right.

A vehicle entering the carriageway from a private road, petrol station or parking area must give way to all traffic on the road.

Trams have priority over other vehicles except where signs or signals provide otherwise.

At a roundabout marked with 'give way', entering traffic yields to traffic already circulating.

Emergency vehicles with sirens and flashing lights have priority; other drivers must clear the way.

Before turning or changing lanes, signal in good time, check mirrors and blind spot, and yield to traffic already in the lane.

A left turn is made from the left-hand lane (or the lane marked for left turns) and must not cut across oncoming traffic.

Overtaking is done on the left; overtaking on the right is allowed only when the vehicle ahead is turning left or in slow queues.

Overtaking is prohibited at pedestrian crossings, on bends with restricted visibility, at hill crests and where a continuous line applies.

A driver must not overtake a vehicle that has stopped at a pedestrian crossing to let pedestrians pass.

Passing a stationary tram, bus or trolleybus at a stop requires care and reduced speed; passengers may be crossing.

When being overtaken, the driver keeps right and must not increase speed.

A BE combination needs a longer overtaking distance; the driver must be sure the whole combination can complete the manoeuvre safely.

Stopping and parking are prohibited on pedestrian crossings, within 5 m before them, on bends, hill crests and in tunnels.

Parking is prohibited within 5 m of a bus/tram stop, at intersections within 5 m of the corner, and on cycle lanes.

Stopping means halting for up to 5 minutes with the driver possibly remaining in the vehicle; parking exceeds 5 minutes.

Vehicles must be parked parallel to and close to the kerb, in the direction of traffic, unless marked otherwise.

Parking against traffic flow is prohibited on two-way roads; on one-way roads parking on either side is allowed if marked.

Hazard warning lights must be used when a broken-down vehicle obstructs traffic; a warning triangle is placed behind it.

A trailer detached from its towing vehicle must be parked so it cannot roll and must be marked at night.

Parking on pavements is allowed only where a sign permits it and must leave room for pedestrians.

At a railway crossing with a barrier or light signal, stop when the barrier is lowering or the red light flashes; never enter until the crossing is clear.

At an unguarded crossing, approach at reduced speed, look both ways and cross only when certain no train is coming.

Stopping on a railway crossing is prohibited; a BE combination must ensure the whole combination, including the trailer, can clear the crossing.

Motorways and expressways: only motor vehicles capable of a prescribed minimum speed may enter; pedestrians, cyclists and mopeds are banned.

On a motorway, stopping and parking are prohibited except on the hard shoulder in an emergency; hazard lights must be used.

Entry to a motorway is via an acceleration lane; the driver must give way to traffic already on the motorway.

Leaving a motorway uses a deceleration lane; the driver must not slow down on the main carriageway.

In tunnels, headlights must be on, U-turns and reversing are prohibited, and the prescribed following distance must be kept.

Headlights must be used at night and in poor visibility; dipped beam is required in built-up areas and when meeting other traffic.

Front and rear position (side) lights are used when the vehicle is stationary at night on an unlit road.

Direction indicators must be used before every turn, lane change and overtaking manoeuvre, and cancelled afterwards.

Hazard warning lights signal a breakdown or an obstruction; they do not replace direction indicators.

A trailer must have its own rear lights, brake lights, indicators and a rear registration plate lamp connected to the towing vehicle.

The BE combination's trailer must have a breakaway cable and a service brake acting on the trailer wheels.

Tyres must have the legal minimum tread depth (1.6 mm for cars) and be correctly inflated for the load.

A warning triangle, first-aid kit and reflective vest are mandatory equipment in the vehicle.

Category BE covers a category B vehicle towing a trailer with a permissible maximum mass exceeding 750 kg, where the combination does not exceed 3,500 kg (unless a higher limit is licensed).

The trailer's permissible maximum mass must not exceed the towing vehicle's permitted towing capacity.

The maximum speed of a BE combination is 80 km/h outside built-up areas and on motorways/expressways.

The trailer must be coupled with a safety breakaway cable, and the coupling must be locked and checked before departure.

Loads on the trailer must be secured and must not exceed the permissible axle loads or overall dimensions.

A trailer must not carry passengers; the number of persons in the towing vehicle is limited by its registration.

Reversing with a trailer requires a guide or careful mirror use; the driver is responsible for the whole combination.

A BE combination must not enter roads where a weight or length restriction prohibits it; signs must be observed.

On an accident, stop immediately, secure the scene with hazard lights and a warning triangle, and call the emergency number 112.

Do not move an injured person unless there is immediate danger (fire, traffic); keep them warm and conscious.

Control severe bleeding with direct pressure; do not remove penetrating objects.

If breathing has stopped, begin CPR (30 compressions to 2 breaths) and continue until help arrives.

Report the accident to the police; exchange details with the other parties and record the scene.

Do not leave the scene of an accident involving injury; failure to stop is a criminal offence.

First-aid kit and fire extinguisher must be accessible in the vehicle; check their expiry dates.

Give way to emergency vehicles and keep the scene clear for ambulances and police.

The driver must carry a valid driving licence, vehicle registration document, insurance certificate and, for the trailer, its own documents.

Compulsory third-party insurance (kgfb) must be valid; driving without it is an offence.

The vehicle must pass the periodic technical inspection (műszaki vizsga) and have a valid certificate.

The trailer must be registered and have its own registration plate and valid technical inspection.

Category BE requires the appropriate licence endorsement; driving without it is an offence.

The driver is responsible for the roadworthiness of the combination, including lights, brakes and coupling.

Changes of address or ownership must be reported to the authorities within the prescribed period.

Penalty points (büntetőpontok) may be imposed for traffic offences and can lead to licence suspension.