First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.
Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.
Question 1Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, what is the maximum speed limit on a rural interstate highway unless a different limit is posted?
- 75 mph
- 55 mph
- 70 mph Correct answer.
- 65 mph
Explanation
Iowa law sets the general maximum speed on rural interstate highways at 70 mph unless signs post a different limit. Posted signs always control, so drivers must watch for lower limits in work zones or urban sections.
Question 2Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa driver approaching a steady red traffic light must come to a complete stop and then:
- remain stopped until the light turns green, unless a permitted turn is allowed Correct answer.
- yield only to vehicles on the right
- slow to 10 mph and continue through the intersection
- proceed if no traffic is visible from either direction
Explanation
A steady red light requires a full stop before the crosswalk or stop line, and the driver stays stopped until the signal changes. Iowa allows a right turn on red, and a left turn on red from a one-way street to a one-way street, only after stopping and yielding when no sign prohibits it.
Question 3Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
When two vehicles reach an uncontrolled intersection at about the same time, Iowa law requires the driver on the left to:
- flash headlights to claim the right-of-way
- yield the right-of-way to the vehicle on the right Correct answer.
- sound the horn before proceeding
- proceed first because the left side is closer to the centerline
Explanation
At an intersection without signals or signs, the vehicle on the left must yield to the vehicle on the right. This rule prevents both drivers from assuming priority and colliding in the middle of the intersection.
Question 4Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
Under Iowa's implied consent law, a driver lawfully arrested for OWI is required to:
- consult an attorney before deciding on a test
- post bail before any chemical testing
- submit to chemical testing of breath, blood, or urine Correct answer.
- wait 24 hours before a sample is collected
Explanation
By driving in Iowa, a person consents to chemical testing when lawfully arrested for operating while intoxicated. Refusing a test triggers license revocation and other consequences independent of the criminal case.
Question 5Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What does a solid yellow line on your side of the roadway mean when it is paired with a broken yellow line?
- The roadway ahead becomes one-way
- Passing is prohibited for traffic on your side Correct answer.
- The lane is reserved for turning traffic
- Passing is allowed for traffic on your side
Explanation
A solid yellow line beside a broken yellow line means passing is prohibited on the side with the solid line and permitted on the side with the broken line. The yellow color marks the separation of traffic moving in opposite directions.
Question 6Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, a driver must use headlights during which of the following?
- Only on rural gravel roads
- Only when it is raining hard
- From sunset to sunrise and whenever visibility is limited Correct answer.
- Only between midnight and 5 a.m.
Explanation
Iowa requires headlights from sunset to sunrise and at any time when conditions such as fog, rain, or snow make objects hard to see. Headlights must also be used when windshield wipers are in continuous use.
Question 7Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A school bus with flashing red lights and an extended stop arm has stopped on a two-lane road. Traffic in both directions must:
- pass if the bus is on the opposite side of a median
- stop until the lights stop flashing and the arm retracts Correct answer.
- slow down and pass carefully on the left
- stop only if children are visible
Explanation
Flashing red lights and an extended stop arm mean all traffic in both directions must stop until the signal ends. Children may be crossing, so drivers wait until the arm retracts and the lights stop before moving.
Question 8Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
Which document must a driver have in their possession while operating a motor vehicle in Iowa?
- Proof of a recent vehicle inspection
- A valid driver's license for the vehicle class being driven Correct answer.
- A notarized insurance certificate
- A copy of the vehicle's title
Explanation
Iowa requires the driver to carry a valid license of the proper class for the vehicle being operated. The license must be presented to a peace officer on request.
Question 9Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa driver who receives a citation for a moving violation may have points assessed. How long do points generally remain on an Iowa driving record for point-count purposes?
- One year
- Six months
- Five years Correct answer.
- Two years
Explanation
Iowa assesses points against a driver's record for convictions, and points remain counted for five years from the date of the violation. Accumulating too many points within that period can lead to suspension.
Question 10Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A driver under age 18 holding an Iowa intermediate license may generally drive unsupervised at which times?
- At any hour if a sibling is in the car
- Between 5 a.m. and 12:30 a.m. Correct answer.
- Only during daylight hours
- Only between 12:30 a.m. and 5 a.m.
Explanation
Iowa's intermediate license restricts unsupervised driving to the hours from 5 a.m. to 12:30 a.m. Driving outside that window is allowed only for limited purposes such as school, work, or church, or with a supervising adult.
Question 11Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
When an emergency vehicle with lights and siren approaches from behind on a two-way street, what should you do?
- Pull to the right edge and stop until it passes Correct answer.
- Stop immediately in your lane
- Move into the left lane and continue at the same speed
- Speed up to reach the next intersection
Explanation
Drivers must yield by pulling as close as practical to the right curb or edge of the roadway and stopping until the emergency vehicle passes. Stopping in the travel lane blocks the path the emergency vehicle needs.
Question 12Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
You are driving and a front tire blows out. What is the safest immediate response?
- Accelerate to stabilize the vehicle
- Shift to neutral and turn off the ignition
- Brake hard and steer sharply to the shoulder
- Hold the wheel firmly, ease off the accelerator, and slow gradually Correct answer.
Explanation
A blowout causes the vehicle to pull toward the failed tire, so the driver should grip the wheel firmly and let the vehicle slow gradually before easing off the road. Hard braking or sharp steering can cause a loss of control or rollover.
Question 13Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, when must a driver report a motor vehicle crash to law enforcement?
- When the crash causes injury, death, or property damage above the statutory threshold Correct answer.
- Never, if the vehicles can be driven away
- Only when another driver requests it
- Only when someone is injured
Explanation
Iowa requires a crash report when a collision results in injury or death, or when property damage exceeds the amount set by statute. Drivers should also exchange required information at the scene regardless of the damage amount.
Question 14Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What is the proper way to make a right turn from a two-way street onto another two-way street?
- Cut the corner across the curb
- Begin the turn from the lane nearest the right curb and end in the right lane Correct answer.
- Swing wide into the left lane before turning
- Turn from any lane as long as you signal
Explanation
A right turn is made from the rightmost lane and completed into the rightmost lane of the new street. This keeps the turn predictable and avoids cutting off traffic in adjacent lanes.
Question 15Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
How far before a turn should a driver signal in Iowa?
- At least 100 feet Correct answer.
- At least 50 feet
- Only when other vehicles are present
- At least 10 feet
Explanation
Iowa requires a turn signal at least 100 feet before the turn so other drivers have time to react. Signaling is required whether or not other traffic is nearby.
Question 16Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A flashing yellow arrow in a left-turn lane means:
- You may turn without yielding
- You must stop and wait for a green arrow
- You may turn left after yielding to oncoming traffic and pedestrians Correct answer.
- The left-turn lane is closed
Explanation
A flashing yellow arrow permits a left turn but does not give the right-of-way, so the driver must yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians. A steady green arrow, by contrast, protects the turn.
Question 17Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
When parking uphill on a street with a curb, how should the front wheels be turned?
- Away from the curb, toward the street Correct answer.
- Straight ahead
- It does not matter if the parking brake is set
- Toward the curb
Explanation
When facing uphill with a curb, turning the wheels away from the curb lets the curb stop the vehicle if it rolls backward. The parking brake should also be set and the vehicle placed in gear or park.
Question 18Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What does a diamond-shaped sign indicate?
- A route marker for a state highway
- A warning of a condition ahead Correct answer.
- A regulatory requirement
- A service such as fuel or lodging
Explanation
Diamond-shaped signs warn drivers of upcoming conditions such as curves, intersections, or pedestrian crossings. Regulatory signs are typically rectangular, and service signs are usually blue.
Question 19Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
Under Iowa law, an adult driver operating a motor vehicle is considered to be OWI at which blood alcohol concentration?
- 0.08 or more Correct answer.
- 0.02 or more
- 0.05 or more
- 0.10 or more
Explanation
Iowa's per se limit for adult drivers is a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or higher. Commercial drivers and drivers under 21 are held to stricter limits.
Question 20Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
You are driving at night and an oncoming vehicle's high beams are blinding you. What should you do?
- Flash your high beams repeatedly to warn the driver
- Turn on your high beams to see better
- Look toward the right edge of your lane and slow down Correct answer.
- Close your eyes briefly until the vehicle passes
Explanation
Glare should be handled by looking toward the right edge of the lane to keep the vehicle positioned while slowing down. Flashing high beams back can worsen the glare for both drivers.
Question 21Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A solid white line between lanes that move in the same direction indicates:
- Lane changes should be discouraged or are prohibited Correct answer.
- Passing is encouraged
- Traffic in the left lane must turn left
- The right lane ends immediately
Explanation
A solid white line separates lanes traveling in the same direction and signals that crossing it is discouraged or, in some cases, prohibited. A broken white line indicates that lane changes are permitted when safe.
Question 22Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, what is the minimum following distance recommended under normal driving conditions when using the two-second rule?
- One second at speeds under 40 mph
- One car length
- Half a car length for each 10 mph
- Two seconds Correct answer.
Explanation
The two-second rule gives a minimum gap that allows reaction time under good conditions. In rain, snow, darkness, or heavy traffic, drivers should increase the following distance well beyond two seconds.
Question 23Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa resident moves to a new address. What must the person do regarding their driver's license?
- Nothing, since the license is valid until it expires
- Report the change only to the county treasurer
- Wait for the next renewal cycle to update the address
- Notify the DOT of the address change within a set period and obtain a corrected license Correct answer.
Explanation
Iowa requires license holders to notify the DOT of an address change within a specified period and obtain an updated license. Keeping the record current ensures notices and official mail reach the driver.
Question 24Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A driver's license may be suspended under Iowa's point system when the driver accumulates how many points within two years?
- 9 points
- 3 points
- 6 points
- 12 points Correct answer.
Explanation
Iowa suspends a driver who accumulates 12 points within two years, with the length of suspension increasing on repeat accumulations. Points are assessed for convictions on moving violations.
Question 25Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
You are approaching a railroad crossing with flashing red lights but no gate, and the tracks appear clear. What should you do?
- Stop on the tracks to check for a train
- Drive around the crossing on the shoulder
- Stop, look both ways, and proceed only when the lights stop and no train is approaching Correct answer.
- Proceed slowly without stopping since the tracks look clear
Explanation
Flashing red lights at a railroad crossing require a stop, and the driver may proceed only after confirming no train is approaching and the signal has ended. A train can appear faster than it seems, so visual clearance alone does not justify crossing against the signal.
Question 26Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, what does a steady circular green traffic signal mean for a driver approaching an intersection?
- Yield only to vehicles on the right before proceeding
- Slow down and prepare to stop because the light is about to change to red
- Proceed through the intersection or turn, yielding to other traffic and pedestrians already lawfully in the intersection Correct answer.
- Stop completely and wait for a green arrow before moving
Explanation
A steady green light authorizes a driver to proceed straight or turn, but the driver must still yield the right of way to pedestrians and to any vehicles legally within the intersection. A green light is a permission to go, not a guarantee of an open path.
Question 27Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What is the meaning of a red octagonal sign at an intersection?
- Reduce speed and continue if no traffic is present
- Yield to traffic on the cross street without stopping
- Stop only if pedestrians are present
- Come to a complete stop, then proceed only when it is safe Correct answer.
Explanation
The octagonal red sign is the STOP sign, and Iowa law requires a full stop before the stop line, crosswalk, or entering the intersection. After stopping, the driver may proceed only when the way is clear and right-of-way rules allow it.
Question 28Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
On a two-lane road with traffic moving in both directions, where should a driver normally position the vehicle?
- Near the center line so oncoming traffic is easier to see
- In the left lane, because it offers a better view of curves
- Wherever the vehicle fits best given the road width
- In the right-hand lane or half of the roadway, close to the right edge Correct answer.
Explanation
Iowa follows the rule of driving on the right, so a vehicle on a two-way road belongs in the right-hand portion of the roadway. Keeping right preserves space for oncoming traffic and reduces the chance of a head-on collision.
Question 29Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What does a yellow diamond-shaped sign generally communicate to an Iowa driver?
- The location of a state or county route
- A warning about a road condition or hazard ahead Correct answer.
- A guide to nearby services such as fuel or lodging
- A regulatory requirement such as a speed limit
Explanation
Yellow diamond signs are warning signs, alerting drivers to conditions such as curves, intersections, or changes in the roadway ahead. Regulatory signs are typically white rectangles or red-and-white, and guide signs are usually green or blue.
Question 30Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
When an Iowa driver approaches a pedestrian who is crossing the roadway in a marked crosswalk, what must the driver do?
- Drive around the pedestrian if there is room in the next lane
- Sound the horn so the pedestrian hurries across
- Continue at the same speed if the pedestrian is still several feet away
- Stop and remain stopped until the pedestrian has cleared the driver's path Correct answer.
Explanation
Drivers must yield to pedestrians in a crosswalk, and yielding means stopping and waiting until the pedestrian is safely out of the vehicle's path. Honking or steering around a crossing pedestrian is dangerous and does not satisfy the duty to yield.
Question 31Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, what is the maximum speed limit on most rural interstate highways unless a different limit is posted?
- 75 miles per hour
- 55 miles per hour
- 65 miles per hour
- 70 miles per hour Correct answer.
Explanation
Iowa sets a general maximum of 70 miles per hour on rural interstate highways, with lower limits posted in urban areas and on other road types. Posted signs always control, so drivers should watch for a lower number.
Question 32Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What should an Iowa driver do when a traffic signal changes from green to yellow at an intersection?
- Come to an abrupt stop regardless of how close the vehicle is to the intersection
- Treat the yellow light the same as a green light and continue at speed
- Stop if it can be done safely, because the signal is about to turn red Correct answer.
- Accelerate to clear the intersection before the red appears
Explanation
A steady yellow signal warns that the light is changing to red, and the driver must stop unless stopping cannot be done safely. Slamming on the brakes when already in the intersection can cause a rear-end crash, so judgment matters.
Question 33Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
Which of these is a common effect of alcohol on a driver's ability to operate a motor vehicle?
- Improved ability to judge the speed of oncoming vehicles
- Sharper focus on the roadway ahead
- Slowed reaction time and impaired judgment of speed and distance Correct answer.
- Faster reflexes in emergency situations
Explanation
Alcohol depresses the central nervous system, slowing reaction time and impairing the judgment needed to estimate speed and distance. These effects begin at low blood alcohol concentrations, before a driver feels drunk.
Question 34Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa driver is approaching a curve posted with an advisory speed sign showing 35 mph. What does that advisory speed mean?
- It is the legal minimum speed that must be maintained through the curve
- It applies only to trucks and buses, not passenger cars
- It is the recommended maximum speed for safely negotiating the curve under good conditions Correct answer.
- It is enforceable exactly like a regulatory speed limit sign
Explanation
Advisory speed signs on yellow backgrounds recommend a safe speed for a specific feature such as a curve or ramp. They are guidance for conditions, and a driver traveling faster may lose control even if the general speed limit is higher.
Question 35Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A driver is entering a freeway from an acceleration lane. What is the correct procedure?
- Drive on the shoulder until reaching highway speed
- Merge immediately at ramp speed and let freeway traffic adjust
- Build speed to match freeway traffic and merge smoothly when a safe gap exists Correct answer.
- Stop at the end of the ramp and wait for a large gap in traffic
Explanation
The acceleration lane exists so a driver can reach a speed close to that of freeway traffic before merging. Merging at a similar speed reduces the disruption to traffic already on the freeway and lowers crash risk.
Question 36Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
When passing another vehicle on a two-lane road, when may an Iowa driver legally return to the right lane?
- Immediately after reaching a speed higher than the passed vehicle
- As soon as the front bumper clears the passed vehicle's front bumper
- When the driver has signaled for at least two seconds
- When the passed vehicle is clearly visible in the rearview mirror and there is safe space ahead Correct answer.
Explanation
A driver should not cut back in front of a passed vehicle, so the return should wait until the passed vehicle appears in the rearview mirror and there is a safe gap ahead. This ensures enough following distance for the other driver.
Question 37Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What is the correct way to handle a lane change on a multi-lane Iowa highway?
- Rely on the rearview mirror alone, since blind spots are minimal in modern vehicles
- Change lanes without signaling if no vehicle is visible in the mirror
- Signal and change lanes at the same time to keep traffic flowing
- Check mirrors, signal, check the blind spot, and move only when the lane is clear Correct answer.
Explanation
A safe lane change requires mirror checks, a turn signal to warn others, and a head check of the blind spot before moving. Signaling while turning the wheel gives other drivers no time to react.
Question 38Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa driver's vehicle has anti-lock brakes. How should the driver brake during a emergency stop?
- Pump the brake pedal rapidly to avoid skidding
- Apply light pressure and release repeatedly to preserve control
- Brake only with the parking brake to avoid locking the wheels
- Press firmly on the brake pedal and hold it while steering as needed Correct answer.
Explanation
Anti-lock brakes automatically prevent wheel lockup, so the driver should apply firm, continuous pressure and let the system work. This also allows steering around a hazard while braking hard.
Question 39Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, when a driver approaches a stopped school bus with flashing yellow lights but the stop arm is not extended, what should the driver do?
- Slow down and prepare to stop, because the bus is about to display red lights Correct answer.
- Continue at the normal speed limit since no red lights are showing
- Stop immediately and wait until the bus moves
- Pass the bus quickly before the red lights activate
Explanation
Flashing yellow lights on a school bus warn that the bus is preparing to stop and will soon display red lights and the stop arm. The correct response is to slow down and be ready to stop, not to race past.
Question 40Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What is the purpose of a shared left-turn lane marked in the center of a roadway?
- To let vehicles from either direction wait to make a left turn without blocking through traffic Correct answer.
- To provide a lane for vehicles making right turns
- To serve as a bicycle lane in both directions
- To allow faster vehicles to pass slower traffic in either direction
Explanation
A center two-way left-turn lane lets drivers from both directions move out of the through lane while waiting to turn left. Drivers may use it only for turning, not for passing or extended travel.
Question 41Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa driver intends to turn left from a one-way street onto another one-way street. From which lane should the turn be made?
- Any lane, provided the turn signal is on
- The rightmost lane of the one-way street
- The leftmost lane of the one-way street Correct answer.
- The center lane only if it is marked with arrows
Explanation
When turning left from a one-way street onto another one-way street, the turn is made from the leftmost lane and completed into the leftmost lane. This keeps the movement predictable for other drivers.
Question 42Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
What should a driver do if the vehicle's gas pedal sticks while driving?
- Pump the gas pedal repeatedly while continuing to drive
- Shift to neutral, brake steadily, and pull off the road to stop Correct answer.
- Open the door and look at the pedal while steering with one hand
- Turn off the ignition immediately while traveling at highway speed
Explanation
Shifting to neutral disconnects engine power from the wheels, allowing the driver to brake and steer to a safe stop. Turning off the ignition at speed can lock the steering and disable power assist.
Question 43Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, what does a driver's license suspension generally mean?
- The license is permanently revoked and cannot be reinstated
- The driver may continue driving only to work without any restriction
- The driver must retake the written test but may keep driving
- Driving privileges are withdrawn for a set period, and driving during that period is unlawful Correct answer.
Explanation
A suspension temporarily withdraws driving privileges, and operating a vehicle during the suspension is a separate offense. Reinstatement usually requires the suspension period to end and any conditions to be met.
Question 44Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa driver is convicted of OWI and later refuses to submit to a chemical test when requested by an officer. What is a likely consequence under Iowa's implied consent law?
- The person receives only a written warning with no license action
- The person's driving privileges may be revoked for refusing the test Correct answer.
- The refusal is excused if the driver claims the request was inconvenient
- Nothing happens, because a driver may always refuse testing without penalty
Explanation
Iowa's implied consent law means that by driving, a person agrees to submit to chemical testing when lawfully requested. Refusing can lead to license revocation independent of the outcome of the OWI case.
Question 45Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A driver is traveling on a wet road and begins to hydroplane. What is the best response?
- Brake hard and steer sharply toward the shoulder
- Accelerate to push the tires through the water
- Ease off the accelerator and avoid sudden braking or steering until traction returns Correct answer.
- Turn the steering wheel quickly back and forth to find grip
Explanation
Hydroplaning occurs when tires ride on a film of water, and sudden inputs can cause a loss of control. Easing off the accelerator lets the vehicle slow gradually so the tires can regain contact with the pavement.
Question 46Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
An Iowa driver is stopped at a red light and wants to turn right. Under what conditions is a right turn on red generally permitted?
- Without stopping, if no traffic is approaching from the left
- After a full stop, when there is no sign prohibiting the turn and the way is clear Correct answer.
- Only during daylight hours
- Only when a green arrow is displayed for the right turn
Explanation
Iowa generally allows a right turn after stopping at a red light unless a sign prohibits it, and the driver must yield to pedestrians and cross traffic. The stop must be complete before the turn is made.
Question 47Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A driver is involved in a crash in Iowa and there are injuries. Which action best describes the driver's legal duty?
- Move all vehicles and leave once the roadway is cleared
- Stop, render reasonable assistance, and ensure the crash is reported to law enforcement promptly Correct answer.
- Exchange insurance information only if the other driver asks for it
- Leave the scene to call an attorney before speaking with anyone
Explanation
Iowa law requires a driver involved in a crash resulting in injury to stop, provide reasonable assistance, and report the crash. Leaving the scene of an injury crash can lead to serious criminal charges.
Question 48Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
A driver's view is blocked by a large truck making a wide right turn at an intersection. What is the safest action?
- Squeeze between the truck and the curb on the right
- Pass the truck on the left while it is turning
- Wait behind the truck and give it room to complete the turn before proceeding Correct answer.
- Assume the truck will stay in the left lane and proceed
Explanation
Large trucks often swing left before turning right and need extra space, so passing on the right can put a vehicle in the truck's path. Waiting behind the truck until the turn is complete avoids the squeeze and blind-spot risk.
Question 49Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
On a dark rural road in Iowa, an oncoming vehicle's headlights make it hard to see the lane markings. What is the safest response?
- Speed up to pass the vehicle more quickly
- Turn on high beams to force the other driver to dim theirs
- Look directly at the oncoming headlights to judge the vehicle's position
- Slow down and look toward the right edge of the roadway to stay in lane Correct answer.
Explanation
Looking toward the right edge of the roadway helps a driver maintain lane position without being blinded by oncoming lights. Reducing speed gives more time to react to anything hidden beyond the glare.
Question 50Iowa Driver's License Knowledge Test
In Iowa, a driver who is under age 18 and holds an instruction permit may drive without a supervising adult only when the driving is related to which of the following?
- Driving to any destination within the same county
- Driving to and from school during the school year
- Driving to and from a place of employment Correct answer.
- Driving on any road posted at 35 mph or less
Explanation
Iowa allows a minor instruction permit holder to drive unsupervised only for limited purposes tied to school and work under the graduated licensing rules. Travel to and from work is one recognized exception, while general errands or arbitrary local driving are not.