IA Pesticide Applicator flashcards
IA Pesticide Applicator · Build recall with a focused review session.
31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Economic threshold
- The pest population density at which the cost of control equals the value of crop loss prevented; treatment is justified only when the threshold is reached or exceeded.
- Economic injury level
- The lowest pest density that causes crop loss equal to the cost of control; the economic threshold is set at or below this level to allow lead time.
- Piercing-sucking mouthparts
- A pest feeding type that inserts stylets to remove plant sap, causing stippling, yellowing, wilting, and honeydew; examples include aphids, whiteflies, and true bugs.
- Chewing mouthparts
- A pest feeding type that removes plant tissue, producing holes, notches, or skeletonized leaves; examples include caterpillars, beetles, and grasshoppers.
- Disease triangle
- A plant disease requires three simultaneous factors: a susceptible host, a virulent pathogen, and a favorable environment; removing any one factor prevents disease development.
- Degree-day accumulation
- A method of summing daily heat above an insect's lower developmental threshold to predict life-stage timing, used to schedule scouting and treatment.
- Biennial weed
- A plant completing its life cycle over two growing seasons, typically forming a rosette the first year and flowering and seeding the second; control is easiest in the rosette stage.
- Biological control
- The use of natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens to suppress pest populations, often as a component of integrated pest management.
- Signal word DANGER-POISON
- The most toxic label category (Category I), shown with a skull and crossbones; indicates a highly acute oral, dermal, or inhalation hazard.
- Restricted-entry interval
- The minimum time after a pesticide application before workers may enter the treated area without required personal protective equipment; stated on agricultural labels.
- Emulsifiable concentrate
- A liquid formulation (EC) containing pesticide, solvent, and emulsifier that mixes with water to form an emulsion; often has higher dermal and inhalation hazard from solvents.
- Wettable powder
- A powder formulation (WP) that forms a suspension when mixed with water; requires constant agitation and poses an inhalation hazard when dusting.
- Surfactant adjuvant
- An adjuvant that reduces the surface tension of spray droplets, improving wetting, spreading, and coverage on leaf surfaces.
- Sticker adjuvant
- An adjuvant that increases adhesion of pesticide deposits to plant surfaces, improving rainfastness and reducing wash-off.
- Restricted-use pesticide
- A pesticide that may be applied only by or under the direct supervision of a certified applicator because of acute hazard or environmental risk.
- Agricultural Use Requirements box
- A label section listing the restricted-entry interval and required personal protective equipment for agricultural uses, referencing the Worker Protection Standard.
- Dermal exposure
- Pesticide contact with skin, the most common exposure route for applicators; absorption is fastest through thin, moist, or damaged skin.
- Chemical-resistant gloves
- Gloves made of materials such as nitrile or butyl that resist pesticide penetration; latex and leather are generally not considered chemical-resistant.
- Respirator cartridge selection
- Particulate filters protect against dusts and mists, while chemical cartridges protect against vapors; choice follows the label and product formulation.
- Organophosphate poisoning signs
- Symptoms include pinpoint pupils, excessive salivation, sweating, vomiting, muscle twitching, and weakness; a medical emergency requiring immediate care.
- Heat stress signs
- Symptoms such as dizziness, heavy sweating, nausea, and confusion from overexertion in protective equipment; distinguished from pesticide poisoning by absence of cholinergic signs.
- PPE minimum baseline
- The label's minimum requirement of long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes, and socks, with additional gloves, eyewear, or respirator as specified.
- Spill containment
- The process of stopping the source if safe, diking and absorbing the spill, protecting water sources, and cleaning up per label and safety data sheet instructions.
- FIFRA
- The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, which governs pesticide registration, labeling, and use; EPA administers it and states may be stricter.
- Private applicator
- A certified applicator who applies restricted-use pesticides to land they own or rent for producing an agricultural commodity, not for hire.
- Commercial applicator
- A certified applicator who applies pesticides for hire or on property not owned or rented by them, typically requiring category-specific certification.
- Worker Protection Standard
- Federal regulation requiring training, notification, restricted-entry intervals, decontamination supplies, and protective equipment for agricultural workers and pesticide handlers.
- Triple rinsing
- A container-cleaning procedure: fill the empty container about one-quarter full, rinse, and drain into the spray tank, repeated three times before disposal.
- Endangered Species Act label limits
- County-specific use restrictions on some labels protecting listed species; applicators must check current geographic bulletins before applying in affected areas.
- Pesticide recordkeeping
- Certified applicators must record restricted-use applications, including product, amount, date, location, and applicator, and retain records for the required period.
- Groundwater protection
- Practices and label restrictions that prevent pesticides from reaching groundwater, including avoiding application near wells, sinkholes, and highly permeable soils.