IAI Tenprint flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Henry primary
- A fraction formed by summing whorl values (16 each) on odd fingers over even fingers, then adding 1/1; used to classify tenprint records.
- Whorl value in Henry
- Each whorl contributes 16 to the Henry primary fraction; non-whorl patterns contribute zero.
- Ulnar loop
- A loop pattern with one delta and one core that opens toward the little finger; the most common fingerprint pattern.
- Radial loop
- A loop pattern with one delta and one core that opens toward the thumb; less common than the ulnar loop.
- Plain arch
- A pattern where ridges flow from one side to the other with a slight rise in the center; no delta, no core, no recurve.
- Tented arch
- An arch pattern with a sharp central upthrust; may have one delta but lacks a recurve, distinguishing it from a loop.
- Plain whorl
- A whorl with at least one complete circuit and two deltas; the recurve crosses the line between the deltas.
- Central pocket loop
- A whorl subtype with a loop and whorl-like center, two deltas, where the recurve does not cross the line between deltas.
- Double loop whorl
- A whorl with two separate loops and two deltas; loops may be lateral or vertical.
- Accidental whorl
- A whorl combining two or more pattern types or not fitting other classes; it has two deltas.
- Delta
- The point where type lines diverge into three branches forming a triangle; used in pattern classification and ridge counting.
- Core
- The center of a fingerprint pattern; for loops, the innermost recurving ridge or ridge end.
- Ridge count
- The number of ridges between the delta and core along a straight line, excluding the delta and core ridges.
- Ridge tracing
- Following a ridge from the delta to determine whether it passes inside, outside, or meets the core; values are inner, outer, meeting.
- Minutiae
- Fingerprint features such as ridge endings and bifurcations; their relative positions and orientations are used in comparison.
- AFIS
- Automated Fingerprint Identification System; it returns candidate lists ranked by score, but examiners make identification decisions.
- Tenprint record
- A set of inked or live-scan impressions of all ten fingers, typically rolled and plain, used for identification.
- Latent print
- An accidental, often partial fingerprint left on a surface; it may be distorted and requires examiner comparison to tenprints.
- NFIQ
- NIST Fingerprint Image Quality algorithm; scores images 1 to 5, where 1 is best and 4-5 indicates recapture.
- Henry secondary
- A Henry subdivision based on ridge counts and tracings of ulnar loops, used to narrow large primary classes.
- Key classification
- A Henry classification used for records with fewer than ten fingers or single prints; not used for complete tenprint sets.
- NCIC pattern codes
- Two-character codes assigned to each finger (e.g., AU, AR, AP, WU) for classification and search in tenprint systems.
- Sequence check
- Verification that each finger is in the correct position (right thumb through left little) before searching a tenprint record.
- Slap capture
- A rapid capture of four fingers of each hand plus both thumbs, used for screening and compared to rolled impressions.
- Rolled impression
- A fingerprint rolled from nail to nail to capture the full pattern, including delta and core.
- Type lines
- The two innermost ridges that start parallel, diverge, and surround the pattern area; the delta is at their divergence.
- Pattern area
- The area of a fingerprint containing the core and delta, used for classification and comparison.
- Identification conclusion
- An examiner's determination that a tenprint and a latent print share pattern type, ridge flow, and sufficient corresponding minutiae.
- Exclusion conclusion
- An examiner's determination that two prints differ irreconcilably in pattern type or ridge flow, or have conflicting minutiae.
- Inconclusive conclusion
- A determination that available information is insufficient to identify or exclude; the reason must be documented.
- WSQ compression
- Wavelet Scalar Quantization, the FBI standard for fingerprint image compression; it is lossy but preserves ridge detail.
- ANSI/NIST-ITL
- A standard defining record types (e.g., Type-4 fingerprint image, Type-14 tenprint image) for exchanging biometric data between agencies.