IB Spanish B HL study materials
IB Spanish B HL study resources

IB Spanish B HL: Written productive skills - task 2 (argumentative or discursive text)

IB Spanish B HL · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

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Written productive skills - task 2 (argumentative or discursive text)

When the Paper 1 options include a discursive or argumentative text (essay, opinion column, contribution to a debate), the examiners are looking for a sustained line of reasoning, not a list of opinions. At HL you must select, order and weigh arguments, concede what is true on the other side, and reach a conclusion that follows from the evidence you gave.

Building the argument

  • Thesis in the introduction: state your position in one sentence; do not make the reader wait.
  • One idea per paragraph: claim → evidence or example → consequence → link to the next paragraph.
  • Concede and rebut: Si bien es cierto que…, no lo es menos que…; Es indudable que…, pero conviene preguntarse si… This is the clearest HL discriminator.
  • Hedge appropriately: cabe suponer, todo parece indicar, en la mayoría de los casos.
  • Conclude by resolving, not restating: state what follows from your argument.

Connector bank

  • Addition: además, asimismo, del mismo modo
  • Contrast: sin embargo, no obstante, ahora bien, frente a esto
  • Cause: puesto que, ya que, debido a que
  • Consequence: por consiguiente, por lo tanto, de ahí que + subjunctive
  • Concession: a pesar de que, aun cuando, si bien
  • Closing: en definitiva, en suma, todo apunta a que

Worked example

Prompt on remote working. Weak: «Pienso que el teletrabajo es bueno porque ahorras tiempo.» Stronger: «Si bien el teletrabajo reduce el tiempo de desplazamiento, no es menos cierto que difumina la frontera entre el ocio y la jornada laboral, como demuestran los datos de bajas por estrés.» The concession gives the argument credibility and the example converts a claim into evidence.

Traps that cost marks

  • A string of opinions with no development or evidence.
  • Repeating en mi opinión and pienso que in every paragraph.
  • No counter-argument, which caps the message mark.
  • Wrong mood after no creo que, es necesario que, de ahí que.
  • Slipping into colloquial register or into a different text type mid-text.