IBFCSM CPSO flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

VO2max Fick equation

VO2max equals cardiac output in liters per minute multiplied by the arteriovenous oxygen difference in mL per 100 mL, times 10; it defines aerobic capacity.

Karvonen formula

Target heart rate equals (HRmax minus HRrest) multiplied by the desired intensity fraction, plus HRrest; it uses heart rate reserve rather than raw maximum.

Lactate threshold

The exercise intensity at which blood lactate begins accumulating faster than it is cleared; trained endurance athletes reach it near 70-80% of VO2max.

Respiratory exchange ratio

The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed; values near 0.7 indicate fat oxidation and near 1.0 carbohydrate, with values above 1.10 suggesting maximal effort.

FIFA 11+ program

A structured warm-up of running, strength, plyometric, and balance drills performed at least twice weekly; it reduces lower-limb football injuries by roughly 30-40%.

Acute:chronic workload ratio

One-week training load divided by the four-week rolling average; values above 1.5 are associated with higher injury risk while 0.8-1.3 is considered safer.

Nordic hamstring exercise

An eccentric hamstring strengthening exercise performed with a partner or device; regular use reduces hamstring strain injury incidence in soccer by about half.

Ottawa ankle rules

Imaging is indicated with malleolar pain plus bone tenderness at the posterior malleolar edge or inability to bear weight four steps; sensitivity for fracture is very high.

Lachman test

An anterior cruciate ligament test performed with the knee flexed about 20-30 degrees and the tibia drawn anteriorly; it is the most sensitive clinical test for ACL rupture.

Likelihood ratio positive

Sensitivity divided by (1 minus specificity); values above 10 substantially raise the probability of disease and values between 5 and 10 are moderately useful.

PEACE and LOVE protocol

A contemporary soft-tissue injury framework: Protection, Elevation, Avoid anti-inflammatories, Compression, Education, then Load, Optimism, Vascularisation, and Exercise.

Blood flow restriction training

Strength training at 20-40% of one-repetition maximum with 40-80% arterial occlusion; it can produce strength and hypertrophy gains similar to heavier loading.

Tendinopathy loading progression

Rehabilitation advances from isometric to eccentric to concentric and then plyometric loading; progressive tendon load is the cornerstone of tendinopathy management.

Commotio cordis

Sudden cardiac arrest caused by a blunt chest impact during the vulnerable repolarization window; immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation are required for survival.

Exertional heat stroke

Core temperature above 40 degrees Celsius with central nervous system dysfunction; immediate cold-water immersion and cooling to below 39 degrees is the priority treatment.

Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose

Intramuscular epinephrine 0.3-0.5 mg of a 1:1000 solution into the anterolateral thigh; repeat every 5-15 minutes as needed while arranging emergency transport.

Carbohydrate loading

Intake of 8-12 g of carbohydrate per kilogram per day for 36-48 hours before endurance events longer than 90 minutes; it increases muscle glycogen stores.

Creatine monohydrate dosing

Maintenance of 3-5 g daily; optional loading with 20 g daily in four divided doses for 5-7 days; it is ergogenic for short-duration high-intensity efforts.

Therapeutic Use Exemption

Prior authorization required when a prohibited substance is needed for legitimate medical treatment; it must be obtained before competition according to the relevant anti-doping rules.

Yerkes-Dodson law

Performance peaks at moderate arousal; the optimal arousal level decreases as task complexity increases, so fine motor skills tolerate less arousal than gross motor tasks.

Self-Determination Theory

Intrinsic motivation is supported by satisfying three needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness; controlling external rewards can undermine it.

Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport

A syndrome caused by low energy availability affecting metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, and psychological state; it impairs both health and performance.

Informed consent elements

Disclosure of risks, benefits, and alternatives, confirmation of understanding, voluntariness, and the right to refuse; the discussion should be documented.

SOAP note

A documentation format with Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan components; entries should be contemporaneous, objective, and complete.

Emergency action plan

A written, venue-specific plan defining roles, emergency access, AED location, and EMS activation; it should be rehearsed at least annually by all staff.

Heat acclimatization

Repeated heat exposure over 7-14 days that expands plasma volume, increases sweat rate, and lowers sweat sodium concentration, improving tolerance of exercise in heat.

Static stretching pre-event

Holding a stretch 30-60 seconds improves flexibility but can transiently reduce power output; dynamic warm-up is preferred before explosive competition.

VOMS assessment

A vestibular and ocular motor screening including smooth pursuits, saccades, convergence, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and visual motion sensitivity; symptom provocation of two or more points is abnormal.

Return-to-sport criteria after ACL reconstruction

Limb symmetry index of at least 90% on strength and hop tests plus psychological readiness; these objective criteria should be met before unrestricted return.

Spinal motion restriction

Manual in-line stabilization with backboard or vacuum mattress only when indicated; helmets and shoulder pads are left in place unless the airway cannot be maintained.

Beta-2 agonist limits

Inhaled salbutamol is permitted up to 1600 micrograms per 24 hours and formoterol up to 54 micrograms per 24 hours; higher doses require a Therapeutic Use Exemption.

Athlete burnout components

Emotional exhaustion, a reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation; early signs include loss of enjoyment and persistent fatigue despite rest.

Duty of care

The professional obligation to act in the athlete's best interest, including removal from play when medically indicated, even when it conflicts with competitive goals.