IBPS SO key terms

A logic question type where two or more statements are assumed true and you decide which conclusions necessarily follow. Validity depends on form, not real-world truth.

A technique for solving syllogisms by drawing circles for each category and checking whether a conclusion holds in every possible arrangement of the circles.

In syllogism questions, a conclusion worded as 'can be true' is correct if at least one arrangement of the statements makes it true, even if others do not.

A puzzle giving family relationships in coded or descriptive form, where you must trace how two people are related, often across generations and both sides of a family.

A question tracking a person's movement through turns and distances, requiring you to find final direction, shortest distance, or net displacement using a compass layout.

A reasoning item where symbols replace comparison signs, and you must decode the meaning before judging whether a given relationship between two elements is definitely true.

A conclusion pair in inequality or syllogism questions where exactly one of the two must hold, so the answer is the combined 'either ... or' option rather than a single conclusion.

A set of clues about people placed in rows, circles, or floors that must be combined to fix every position; usually answered as a group of linked questions.

A reasoning set where a machine rearranges a sequence of words or numbers by a fixed rule across steps; you identify the rule and predict later steps or the final arrangement.

A question where words or letters are written in a disguised pattern, and you must work out the rule to decode a new word or encode a given one.

A sequence mixing letters, digits, and symbols where you answer positional questions such as how many digits sit between two letters or which element is fifth to the left.

A question asking whether the given statements supply enough information to answer a query, without requiring you to compute the actual answer.

A quantitative shortcut where numbers are rounded to convenient values so an answer close to the exact result can be chosen quickly from the options.

A calculation item testing BODMAS order of operations, surds, indices, and fractions; the aim is an exact value reached through orderly, stepwise reduction.

A comparison question giving two equations in x and y; you find the roots and decide whether x is greater, smaller, equal, or the relation cannot be established.

A fraction expressed per hundred, used to compare quantities and as the base for profit, discount, interest, and data-interpretation calculations.

Arithmetic on cost price, selling price, and marked price, including successive discounts and the difference between profit measured on cost and on selling price.

Interest computed only on the original principal for the whole period, using principal times rate times time divided by one hundred.

Interest calculated on principal plus previously earned interest, so the amount grows geometrically; compounding frequency changes the effective yearly rate.

Problems linking distance, speed, and time, extended to trains crossing poles or platforms, boats in streams, and relative speed of two moving objects.

A speed problem where downstream speed is boat speed plus current and upstream speed is boat speed minus current; the two give boat and stream speeds when averaged.

Problems on how long combined workers, pipes, or machines take to finish a task, solved by converting each worker's output into a per-day rate.

A time-and-work variant where inlet pipes fill a tank and outlet pipes empty it; rates are added for filling and subtracted for emptying.

A comparison of two quantities by division, used to split amounts, scale recipes or mixtures, and set up equations in partnership and mixture problems.

A method using a weighted-average diagram to find the ratio in which two ingredients of different prices or strengths must be mixed to reach a target value.

Counting techniques for arrangements where order matters and selections where it does not, including cases with repetition and identical items.

The chance of an event, found as favourable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes, with complementary and combined events handled by addition and multiplication rules.

A set of questions based on a table, bar chart, pie chart, or line graph, requiring calculation of shares, growth, averages, and ratios from the supplied figures.

A sequence of numbers following a hidden rule such as a difference pattern, squares, or alternating operations, where you find the missing or wrong term.

A passage followed by questions on main idea, tone, inference, and vocabulary; answers must be supported by the text rather than by outside opinion.

A passage with blanks, each to be filled by the option that fits the sentence grammatically and logically, judged from surrounding context and collocation.

A single sentence with one or two blanks where the correct option must match the meaning signalled by connectors, contrast words, and the overall logic.

A question presenting a sentence divided into parts, one of which contains a grammatical flaw in subject-verb agreement, tense, article, or preposition use.

A set of jumbled sentences or phrases that must be ordered into a coherent paragraph, guided by pronouns, connectors, and the flow from general to specific.

A word or phrase such as however, therefore, or moreover that signals contrast, cause, or addition, and so determines which clause logically follows another.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, complicated by collective nouns, indefinite pronouns, and phrases inserted between subject and verb.

A conclusion drawn from stated evidence rather than stated directly; in comprehension and logic questions it must follow necessarily, not merely be plausible.

An independent authority that receives and resolves customer complaints against banks, with defined grounds, time limits, and an appeal route to a higher authority.

Know Your Customer rules requiring banks to verify a customer's identity and address, and to monitor transactions, to prevent money laundering and terror financing.

Laws and procedures that force financial institutions to detect, report, and block the movement of illegally obtained funds through the banking system.

A non-performing asset is a loan on which interest or principal has remained overdue beyond the prescribed period, forcing the bank to classify and provide for it.

A law letting secured creditors enforce their security interest and take possession of mortgaged assets without going to court, after due notice to the borrower.

A mandate requiring banks to direct a set share of credit to agriculture, small enterprises, education, housing, and weaker sections, with shortfalls paid into a fund.

The cash reserve ratio is the share of net demand and time liabilities that a bank must keep as cash with the central bank, earning no interest.

The statutory liquidity ratio is the minimum share of net demand and time liabilities a bank must hold in approved liquid assets such as government securities.

The rate at which the central bank lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities, used as the main lever of monetary policy.

The minimum interest rate a bank may charge on loans, calculated from its cost of funds and other components, below which lending is not permitted.

A retail electronic funds transfer system that settles transactions in batches at fixed intervals through the central bank's network, without a minimum amount.

A real-time gross settlement system for high-value transfers where each transaction is settled individually and immediately, subject to a prescribed minimum amount.

A unified payments interface that lets users link bank accounts to a mobile app and transfer funds instantly using a virtual payment address, without card details.

International standards on bank capital adequacy, liquidity, and risk management that regulators adopt to keep banks solvent and the financial system stable.